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Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS for Natural Resources Management
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The development of national topographic and cartographic data bases for geographical information system (GIS)implementation in Malaysia
Marzuki Mohd. Kassim, Rosly Abdul Kadir
Department of survey and mapping Malaysia
Abstract
Topographic map data in digital form presents an enormously useful database for the development of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The ongoing development of the national topographic and cartographic databases in the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DPNM) would go a long way to meet this requirement.
This paper describes the CAMS base structure for the national topographic map series at the scales of 1:50,00 and 1, 25,000, now under development. in the opening chapter, the paper deals with the production concept and operational strategies of the Computer Assisted Mapping System (CAMS). Lastly some fundamental views are presented on the need for a comprehensive one common database towards the implementation of GIs in Malaysia.
Background
The Development of Survey and Mapping Malaysia is responsible for the production of topographic maps of Malaysia at various scales for civilian and military requirements. Approved under the fifth Malaysian plan (1986-1990), in 1988 the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DPNM) acquired an automated mapping system called Computer Assisted mapping System (CAMS) with the objective of expediting map production capacity.
Stringent tests were commissioned by the Department of CAMS, which includes the Equipments, System and Functional Tests, and followed by the Provisional Acceptance Test which was completed in the month of Jun1 989. The Department is in the stage of 'Final Acceptance Test' to ensure that the system functions according to the desired specifications and fulfilling the required production rate. CAMS is envisaged to be fully operational by the end of 1989.
CAMS Objectives
The adoption of an automated mapping system introduces significant impact on activities such as data acquisition, storage and retrieval manipulation and generation of output (maps), which could be managed efficiently and accurately. However, CAMS are implemented with the following objectives.
- To expedite map production capacity of the National Topographic Mapping Series of L7030 and T738 of scale 1:50,000 from the rate f 20 to 50 sheets per year, commeasuring with an idea map revision cycle period.
- To facilitate the production of maps at various scales and preparation of special maps of civilian and military use.
- To create national topographic and cartographic data bases at the scales of 1:50,000 and 1:25,000
CAMS Concept of production
CAMS is designed to automate aerial triangulation, the photogram metric compilation and the manual cartographic draughting techniques. CAMS comprises four components namely: Computer Assister Phtogrammetric Subsystem (CAPS), Computer Assisted Cartographic Subsystem (CAS) and the Management Information Subsystem (MIS). Each of the subsystem operates on a standalone module, that is off line to the other subsystems. Data transfer between the various subsystem is via shared disk and magnetic tape. The Functions of the various subsystems are as follows: -
- Computer Assisted Photogrammetric Subsystem (CAPS)
The acquisition of digital data from aerial photographs utilizing stereo plotters fitted with rotary encoders and Stereo Track Digitizing System.
- Computer Assisted Raster Digitizing Subsystem (CARDS)
The acquisition of digital data from existing maps through scanning and digitizing.
- Computer Assisted Cartographic Subsystem (CACS)
Editing of data received from CAPS, CARDS and Field Survey towards the creation of Topographic and Cartographic data bases of scales 1:25,000 and 1:50,000 respectively, and to produce reproduction materials conforming to the map specifications series L7030 and L8028.
- Management Information Subsystem (MIS)
MIS caters for Comprehensive Management System to facilitate controls over all aspects of map production, exchange of digital feature coded map data, management of map store and enquiry of CAMS data base.
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