Demarcation of ground water potential zones satellite data: A case study of Jaipur district (India)
Ram Ratan Saini
Scientist, Remote Sensing Division
B.A. Birla Science & Technology Area
27, Malviya Industrial Area
Jaipur-17 (India)
Abstract
Remotely sensed data may effectively be utilized in targeting and exploration of ground water in arid and semi-arid regions its usefulness enhances much more in the case of hard rock terrain region, where water shortage is always felt..
In the present study, Jaipur District has been taken up to demonstrate the utility of satellite data in targeting of ground for the demarcation of ground water potential zones, (i) Geology (ii) Geomorphology (iii) Lineament/Fracture and there intersection density and (iv)Land use/Land cover maps have been drawn using visual interpretation technique along with ground truth collection.
It is out come from the study that very high water potentiality is confined on very high lineament inter section density along with intensive cultivation on younger alluvial plains. Areas having 6 to 8 lineament/fracture inter section density along with intensive cultivation on alluvial plains fall under high groundwater potential zone.
Area having 4 to 6 lineament/fracture intersection density fall under medium potential zone. In this zone older alluvial plans are found where generally two crops are sown within a year.
Introduction
water requirement is increasing very rapidly with the growth of human and animal population, irrigation and industries. In arid and semi-arid region, surface water resources are very much limited therefore water supply depends on availability of ground water potentiality. In Jaipur district investigation of ground water potential areas is much more important as 93 per cent irrigated area is being irrigated by the ground water exploration through wells.
Jaipur district (26o 23' and 27o 51' N, 74 o 55' and 76o50'E , Area 1406 8 Sq., population 34 Lakhs) is situated in the eastern part of the Rajasthan State (India). The north-eastern part of the district is covered by hill ranges while southern and eastern part is pen plain with sand cover up to a thickness of 1 to 6 Metres. The district has semi-araid climate. The average annual rainfall is 556 mm. The rainfall generally increases from north-west to south-east
Geology
The rocks exposed in the district are pre-Delhi granites, granite, gneisses, schist and Alwar, Ajabgarh and Rialto formation of Delhi group. The major part of the district is covered by quarter- hairy sediments. The pre-Delhi group of rocks comorising Mica-schists and gneisse. Occupy a major part of the western part of the district. The rocks of Delhi super group from high relief in the north, north-east and south-eastern part of the district. The Rajalos are exposed in a small patch towards north-east of the district.
(Fig. No. 1.A)
The Aravalli hills and piedmont, plains contain good amount a fractures/lineaments because of multiphase tectonic movement. (Fig. 1.C) The lineament are generally parallel to the great boundary fruit of Rajasthan, Lineament intersection density also counted per 10 Sq. Km. and areas having equal density have been demarcated.
