Monitoring urban Sprawl in Kanpur Metropolis, India, using Multidate Satellite data
From the Landsat MSS imagery, discrimination between the different canal, and categories like water body, zoological garden comprising dense forest, and the cantonment area (Fig.3). On the TM and IRS imagery, residential and commercial areas could not be discretely separated out because in Kanpur metropolis, like many other metropolis in developing countries, the commercial areas are inter-mixed with residential ones (Fig. 4&5). However, on the basis of the compactness of built-up areas, three categories of residential/commercial areas viz., high medium and low density could be identified. Among the industrial areas, only a few major industrial complexes could be identified because of their typical features like ash pond, cooling thank and characteristic pattern of the built-up area. Small industrial units could not be separated. Among the institute of Technology, Medical College could be located and mapped. Among recreational areas, most of the large Parks, play grounds, stadium and zoological garden could be identified. The urban infrastructure like roads, railway lines, airports were easily identified and delineated. The central bus depot due to its large size and better contrast was also identified. The extensive farm/cropland area, a few or-chards, and forest areas were also delineated. Water bodies like river, canal, ponds were, however, very easily identified. It was possible to identify and delineate two categories of wastelands viz., waterlogged and salt affected at the fringe of the built up area of the metropolis. Because of their conspicuous location, contrast and association, one major religious place of worship and one hospital could be identified. It was not possible to identify and delineate many smaller hospitals and religious places. The military cantonment area, vacant land and garbage dumping ground could easily be demarcated. The graveyard and jail could be additionally identified on Landsat TM imagery by intergrating ground truth information.
Table 1: Landuse categories interpreted from different satellite data:
|
| Landsat MSS | Enlarged Landsat TM | IRS-1A LISS-2 |
|
| Rail/Road/Canal | RESI/COMMERCIAL | ESI/COMMERCIAL |
| 01. High Density | 01. High Density |
| Zoo/Museum | 02. Medium Density | 02. Medium Density |
| 03. Low Density | 03. Low Density |
| Cantonment | INDUSTRIAL ( Major) | NDUSTRIAL ( Major) |
| (Vegetative | RECREATIONAL | RECREATIONAL |
| dominant) | 01. Parks | 01. Parks |
| 02. Playground /Stadium | 02. Playground/Stadium |
| Water bodies | 03. Zoo/Meseum | 03. Zoo/Museum |
| Urban Sprawl | |
| URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE | URBAN INFRASTRUTURE |
| 01. Road (major) | 01. Road (major) |
| 02. Railway line/yard | 02. Railway line/yard |
| 03. Airport/Air Strip | 03. Airport/Air Strip |
| 04. Bus Depot (major) | 04. Bus Depot. ( major) |
| AGREECULTURE LAND | AGREECULTURE LAND | |
| 01. Cropland | 01. Cropland |
| 02. Orchards | 02. Orchards |
| FOREST/VEGETATION | FOREST/VEGETATION |
| WATER BODIES | WATER BODIES |
| 01. River/sand | 01. River/sand |
| 02. Canal | 02. Canal |
| 03. Pond/tank | 03. Pond/tank |
| WASTELANDS | WASTELANDS |
| 01. Waterlogged | 01. Waterlogged |
| 02. Salt affected | 02. Salt affected |
| MISCELLANEOUS | MISCELLANEOUS |
| 01. Religious place | 01. Religious place |
| 02. Cantonment Area | 02. Cantonment Area |
| 03. Vacant land | 03. Vacant land |
| 04. Dumping ground | 04. Dumping ground |
| 05. Ash pond | 05. Ash pond |
| 06. Hospital | 06. Hospital |
| 07. Graveyard | 07. Smoke plume |
| 08. Jail | |
|
