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Digital Image Processing
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Integration of Raster-based GIS and system dynamics and its application
Literature review
Up to now, there has been no reports or papers concerning the integration of system Dynamics and GIS. All of the paper found involved only one or the other Definitions.
- System Dynamics
System dynamics is a methodology for understanding certain kinds of complex problems (Alexander and Pugh, 1981). It is originally introduced by Jay W. Forrester in the 1950's. The problems have at least two features in common; they are dynamic, and they involve the notion of feedback. Dynamic systems involve quantities that change over time. The thing which is responsible for this change is called feedback process.
Loop processes of feedback processes are formed chains of links connected together into a closed -path. They can be classified into two categories by the type of behavior generated by each.
- Negative Feed back Loops
These are loops that negate changes. They are also called "stabilizing" "equilibrating", "goal - seeking"' "self-correcting"' regulating", "homing -in" and others. This is because, they seek to maintain the status quo and resist changes.
- Positive Feedback Loops
They are loops that a accumulate change. They are called "destabilizing", "dis-equilibrating", "self-reinforcing", " runaway"., "growth", etc. They can be either "Vartuous", which are desirable , or " Vicious, which are not.
- Geographical information System (GIS)
Geographical Information system is any whose data describes objects from the real world in terms of (1) their position with respect to a known coordinate system, (2) their attributes that are unrelated to position, and (3) their spatial interrelations with each other which describe how they are linked together or how one can travel between them (Burrough, 1986). It is also called a computerized mapping
system for capture, storage, retrieval, and analysis of spatial and descriptive data.1
GISs contain four Major Components2:
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a data input subsystem that collects and processes spatial and descriptive data derived from maps, remote sensors, and other sources,
- a data storage and retrieval subsystem, or database management systems,
- a data manipulation and analysis subsystem that consists of evaluation functions, simulation models, and
- a data -reporting subsystem for display of portions of the original database as well as manipulate data.
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1. Coulson, R.N., L.J. Folse, and D.K. Loh, "Artificial Intelligence and Natural Resource Management", Science, vol. 237, pp.262-267
2. D.E. Marble, H.W. Calkins, and D.J. Peuquet, Basic Readings in Geographic Information Systems ( SPAD Systems, Williamville, N.Y., 1984)
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