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Poster Sessions
  • Poster Paper 1
  • Poster Paper 2
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    ACRS 1990

    Poster Session


    New progress of airborne scanners at sitp from 1986 to 1990


    Progress of onboard electronic system and data pre-processor
    Practicality, convenience, completion and flexibility are the main features of the electronic system. It has ability to receive, process, monitor and record the remote sensing information, and it can administer and control the sensor.

    Fig. 4 is a diagram of the onboard electronic system. After a series of analog processing, the original signal, which is received by the sensor, is changed into digital signal by an A/D converter. Then it is formalized as format of band interleaved by one pixel by formatter and added some auxiliary parameters which include status of airplane and sensor, time data etc.. Lastly it is sent out by a high-speed data port. A real-time monitor can display multicolour multiband remote sensing image during collecting information. The pre-processor has the functions of spectral and spatial programs, which can increase the signal to noise ratio and decrease the data rate. There are two methods of data recording:
    1. Multi-channel analog tape recorder can simultaneously record multi-channel analog signal, which is output from the data adopter or data pre-processor.

    2. 12' large content (2G) Laser Disk can directly record digital signals, which have been formalized or processed.

    All operations on the instruments are programmable. Operator can input the command on fore-panel of instruments or from main controller.

    Data Adopter: It is compatible for four-sided scan mirror or 45-degree scan mirror, and for 1.5 mrad or 3 mrad instantaneous field of view. The numbers of channel can be selected as 2, 4, 8, 16 or 32. Twin data adopters will be synchronously used if 64 channels are needed. The parameters of programmable filter are automatically set based on the working status of the scanner. In the programmable amplifier, eight gain of are available which can be automatically set depending on the scale of input signal, or fixed by main controller.

    Formatter: The format of output data is band interleaved by one pixel (BIPI). Synchronous signals of line and word are also sent out.

    Real-time Monitor; The resolution power of the monitor is 5128512 pixles. The function of monitor is as follows:
    1. Monichrome display or multicolor display of monochannel image density splitting.

    2. pseudocolour compound image display of -2 or 3 channels.

    3. Synchronous monochrome display of 1,2,4,,8,16 or 32 strip image

    4. Synchronous display of auxiliary p[parameters when image is displayed

    5. Calculating the histogram of image.
    Ground data pre-processing system
    The main tasks of ground data pre-processing system are management and classification for original multi-band image data of air-borne scanners. It produces computer compatible tape (CCT), as well as other pre-processing which includes image partition, bands registration, radiometric correction, and geometric correction. The system also has ability to do some special research. CCT Appliance: This is main input equipment in the system. It can change multi-band analog tape or high-density digital tape (HDDT) into CCT. The format of CCT in a line is BIPI. In order to increase the efficiency of the system. CCT is produced without the main computer.

    Multi-band Image Monitor: It is used to examine original image and CCT image or to monitor the image quality in producing CCT.

    Apart from CCT, The film of reproduction from analog tape, photography of CRT and monochrome hard copy of CRT are also available.

    Applications
    The sensors presented above have had successful application in environment investigation, pollution surveillance, fire detection of forest and other fields.
    1. Hydrology

      Shanxi province used AMS multiband imagery to research the hydrological problems of the Shenmu Coalfields, The hydrological surface features, such as springs, surface water and damp soil, could be evdently located in the thermal infrared images and their parameters, including the area, shape and length, could been indentified. It was proved that the total number of springs in the whole area was 311, twice about that shown in the old topographic map. According to the spring tone, the stripe density and the analysis of main flow, the classification of spring flux has been made. In addition, 7 strata have been classfied.

    2. Archaeology

      By interpreting the multiband image with the aid of other ways, the blindness which exits generally in archaeological work due to the lack of prediction could been prevented. Through examination of he thermo-image of the lack of prediction could been prevented. Through examination of the thermo-image of the QinShihuagn mousoleum in Qin Shihuang, Lintong County; Shanxi Piovince, 2 thermal abnormal layers which surround the sealed soil of the tomb and have regular shape can be found evidently. They are considered to be the ruins of the inner and outer city walls of the tomb. There is a thermal abnormal strip inclined above the spot between the Qin Mausoleum and the Exhibition of Warrior Figures of Qin Dynasty, it is vgelieved that it was the remmed dike to prevent the tomb from floods. The material proved to be valuable.

    3. Geology and Mineral Exploration

      The remote sensing applied in geology is based on the spectral features of rock and mineral. It is possible for the airborne scanners covering he spectrum from VIS to TIR to acquire the spectral characteristics and to determine the altered bands that most likely contain mineral deposits. In fact, the scanners have been applied in Guilin, Chende and Xinjiang Province many times to explore the gold, multimetal, coal and petroleum resources. A large amount of data have been obtained, which are very useful to rock classification , getting information of altered band and determination of the mineralized region or the exploration target area.

    4. Polluting Mointoring

      It is reported that remote sensing of pollution monitoring with AMS in the Yangzi river mouth has been completed successfully. The results show that 0.53-0.62um, 0.60-0.70um and 8-12.5um are the optimum bands for pollution monitoring. The pollution distribution map, pollution isogram and typical thermal and oil pollution maps in Shanghai west region, south region and Wusong estuary have been made. Based on these maps, the pollution grade, and diffusion area and diffusion path at the 3 drainages for two temporal, high and low water means, have also been evaluated.

      The UV/IR scanner developed in 1987 has been the major device in the ocean surveillance system and taken an important part in oil pollution detecting since it served the national ocean law enforcement flight. fig. 5 is a photography obtained by the UV/IR scanner for oil pollution monitoring.


    5. Oceanography

      To guarantee the shipping and petroleum exploring on sea, it is absolutely significant to know the rule about sea ice, its formation, distribution and movement. In 1986 and 1987 AMS acquired large scale and continual multi spectral images of sea ice int he Bo Hai Sea for the research of ice conditions and provided important materials for the organizations of sea engineering.

    6. Forest Fire Detection

      The VIS/NIR/TIR scanner, with a real-time transmission device and the Cessna Citation aircraft form an fores fir detecting and transferring system. In an emulating experiment, it could detect 1 square meter of fire at the altitude of ten thousand meters and transfer the images to the ground commander center. Fig. 6 shows a pseudocolour compound image for forest fire detection.

    Conclusion
    With the development of Remote sensing, sensor technology will proceed continually. Of all the airborne optical sensors, scanner is the major set to get information because it obtains the image having a large amount of information contents directly. Otherwise the scanners have formed a series with complete bands and high resolution. The development is towards image spectrometer. Having integrated units, the scanner system possesses a total capacity from getting information to providing standard products. Airborn scanner system will certainly be applied successfully in an increasing number of fields.

    References
    1. Guo Yiping, of the 6th National Conference on Remote Sensing (1989), P22.

    2. Shen Mingming et al., Proc. of the 6th National Conference on Remote Sensing (1989) , p20.

    3. Wang Jianyu et al., Proc. of the 6th National Conference on Remote Sensing (1989), p13

    4. Guo Yiping, Proc. of the 6th National Conference on Remote Sensing (1989), p110.

    5. Wang Jianyu et al., Proc. of the 6th National Conference on Remote Sensing (1989) p 97.

    6. Ye Anqi, Proc. of the 6th National Conference on Remote Sensing ( 1989) p107.

    7. Tong Qingxi and Xue Yongqi, Proc. of the 5th national Conference on Remote Sensing. (1988), p12

    8. Shen Mingming and Sun Jixu, Proc. of the 5th National Conference on Remote Sensing (1988), p 12

    9. Shen Mingming, Mao Peifen and Xue Yongqi, Proc. of the 8th Asian Conference on remote Sensing (1987), E-8-1.
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