On refinement of Water Resources Mapping and development of Flood Forecast Method, using Remote Sensing and Ground Data
Sumiya. G
National Remote Sensing Centre, State Committee for
Nature and Environmental Protection, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Abstract
In this paper, the primary results obtained in Mongolia on the application of Remote Sensing Data to Surface Water Hydrology are Introduced. The applicable visual interpretation methods of the Remote Sensing Images for water resources and snow cover mapping are also outlined. The Spacecraft Photographs are useful for Water Resources Mapping particularly, potential ground water assessment and the Satellite Multispectral Image for Operational Hydrology i.e., an assessment of whole watershed characteristics at real-time for purposes of monitoring snow cover dynamics and flood forecasting. The forecast method presented here is applicable to snow-melt runoff forecast of a mountain river the regime of which is predominantly conditioned by snow-fed as the case of the mountain watersheds is western part of Monglia.
I. Introduction
In recent years, Remote Sensing Data is being employed more increasingly as one possible answer to hydrologic complex problems in many countries of the world [2,3,4,6,9,11]. The Remote Sensing Data can provide the comprehensive hydrologic Information of rivers and lakes of a concrete region for short time and desired frequency and greatly improved space and time coverage. Particularly, a quite new and comprehensive information on water resources and hydrologic regime of the rivers and the lakes can be obtained from the remote ungaged river catchments located in the Mountain and the Gobi Desert Regions.
Possibility of Remote Sensing Data use in Surface Water Hydrology depends on the required resolution and information frequencies of the existing Space Technology. We started use of detailed quantitative assessments of the natural objects, phenomenons and process for investigation and analysis when the up-to-date Interactive Image Processing System with high capacity computer facilities was introduced in 1985. The studies of end factors and exofactors of the water bodies dynamics in different physiographic and climate conditions in relation with
their spectral reflectance characteristics are being carried out with help of the Digital Data Processing System. Consequently, we are able to obtain digital information and compare the derived results of the observations made at the test sites by ground equipment and from aeroplance and space flat forms. These give hydrologists an opportunity to estimate and predict further changes of the water bodies behaviour.
