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Disasters
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Application of Landsat-TM Thermal Band and IRS-1A LISS II Imagery in Delineation of Coal Mine Fire in Jharia Coal Field
4. Results and discussions
Grey level map mainly based on thermal band imagery of Landsat-TM and F.C.C. of IRS-1A LISS II covering Jharia coalfield is shown in Fig.2. Areas of high heat which are coraborating with known fire spots have come out clearly in this map. oN a single channel thermal infrared B & W image, surface temperature is xpressed by the grey tone and so cool areas have dark tones and warmer areas appear light. Thus black and white thermal IR image shows fire areas as bright white to greyish white depending on depth and intensity of the fire. Where as in false colour composite (2,3,5,4 for IRS -LISS II), high heat area correspondingly is shown by light yellow tone due to
Parching of surface soil.
Though this map show some anomalous heat zone where no known fire exist particular around Baghmara and Mahuda area. However, Mahuda, has previous history of fire but pressently no fire exists. High heat area in and around Baghmara may be in and around Baghmara may be due to heating of industrial installation in day time. Tundu lead smelter plant in Baghmara may be reflecting this heat anomaly. However, in order to separate out such anomolous heat zone due to coal mine fire and industrial area, the night time long wave length data is required to be studied and analysed and also a detail knowledge of depth of fire and mode of occurrence need to be studied for accurate determination of coal min fire areas. Fire area centered around Bhowra, Bhulan Bararee, Lodna, Kustore, Kusunda and Jogta have come out very nicely. Intensity and extent of fires in the western margin (Block II, Nadkharki) of the basin is much more sever than what is depicted on the existing available map. It was observed that the available fire position map as provided by the coal Mining co. does not show current status of fire. Surface or near surface fires are usually large in area extent and have irregular boundary shapes in bright white tone while may underground fires lead to the development of second dray cracks through which heat second type.
The third type of coal fire i.e. burning dumps can be easily identified based on their typical speckle or intergrowth texture or curved boundary lines. Many such dumps are usually fire prone and tend to have temperatures higher than have temperatures higher than surrounding normal ground and can be identified and mapped.
Study discussed in this paper indicates that that the fires burning at shallow to intermediate depths (less than 30 meters) can be detected more easily as compared to deep fires where surface main festations are few and also conductive heat transfer from the fire source may take many years before it can be noticeably detected on the surface by remote sensing.
5. Conclusions
From the study it has been found that analyses of thermal band imagery of Landsat-TM LISS II data have been of much use in delineating high heat areas in coal minin effected region of Jaharia coalfied (Dhanbad). The
Affected area appears to be more than the reported one. However, the coarse resolution of thermal band (120m x 120m) has given a regional thermal picture of the area but for detail study including depth estimation, high resolution aerial thermal survey is to be carried out. It is concluded that in order to delineate fire affected region more effectively colour composite images in visible & near infrared are also needed to be studied alongwith thermal band imagery of Landsat-TM.
Acknowledgement
The author is grateful to Professor D.K. Paul, Director of Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad (Bihar) for encouragement and Institutional support for completing the present work.
References
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