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Disasters
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Structural Model of the Ionosphere and Mechanism of Natural Disasters and Calamities Emerging
Seismic ionosphere effects, distinguished by the methods of vertical sounding.
Analysis of studies in this area [7,8,11] shows that from methodological point of view the sputnik monitoring is aiming at organization of precise surveillance from sputniks of variations of the precursors properties in the ionosphere and near space and pegging of the data on processes taking place on the Sun (for this purposes results of surveillance of the state of the Sun taken by geostationary sputniks shall be used). See. Fig. 1.
Vertical sounding of precursors and synchronic operations of sputniks (LFS,GS and SSS ) can be successfully implemented under the condition that a clear technique of consecutive sounding has been developed. This technique consists of following processes:
- sounding from below and registration of seismic effects, increase of critical frequencies in the following layers: F, E and D
- sounding from below above (registration of the variations of properties made from sputniks ) of F,E and D layers, radioscopy of the atmosphere
- sounding of variations of electromagnetic radiation-precursors of earthquakes and emerging of seismic ionosphere precursors
- comparison of data provided by SSS with data supplied by LFS and GS
To give an explanation of the seismic focus mechanism and the core-lithosphere-ionosphere bond it is necessary to understand mechanism, physics of precursors emerging by detecting the "carrier" of disturbances. Infra sonic waves act bas such "carriers". These waves are born on the Sun and are transmitted to the Earth. They excite the subsurface of the Earth, then they reach the ionosphere and turn into disturbances at the level of dynamo-the area of ionosphere, variations of atmospheric OH-4 radiation of the lithosphere, etc. [1-6,8]. Carriers of disturbances generate precursors in the ionosphere. They are born as response of the Earth to the Solar disturbances and once having reached different layers of the atmosphere: D,E and F layers, they create seismic ionosphere effects. These effects appear long ahead the calamity itself and so serve as its precursors.
Conclusion
The technique developed by us allows:
- to give a scientific substantiation of the methods of abnormal variations to build a forecast of natural disasters
- to successfully implement sputnik monitoring, to give a reliable forecast of natural disasters with establishing the physics of the precursors and their distribution in the near space with structure of the ionosphere taken into account.
Fig. 1 Structural model of the atmosphere and layout of the sputnik monitoring of the planet
GS - sputnik on the geostationary orbit
LFS - low flying sputnik
SSS - surface seismic stations
Table 1 has following abbreviations: p -density, T-temperature, H-height of homogenous atmosphere, P-pressure, n- a number of molecules in cub
sm, m, molecular mass; number standing aside in each column is the degree of 10 to multiply a value in the column
by.
|
km |
TK |
H km |
P mbr |
P kg\mg |
n |
m |
|
Name of the layer |
|
0 |
288.1 |
8.47 |
1.01 3 |
1.29 |
2.63 19 |
28.97 |
|
Troposphere |
|
10 |
223.2 |
6.53 |
2.65 2 |
4.13-1 |
0.69 19 |
28.97 |
|
|
|
20 |
216.6 |
6.39 |
5.51 1 |
8.89 -2 |
0.19 19 |
28.97 |
|
Stratosphere |
|
30 |
226.5 |
6.74 |
1.20 1 |
1.84 -2 |
0.40 18 |
28.97 |
|
Ozonosphere |
|
40 |
250.3 |
|
2.87 0 |
4.00 -3 |
0.86 17 |
28.97 |
|
Ionospsr. D |
|
50 |
270.6 |
8.01 |
7.98 -1 |
1.03 -3 |
0.22 17 |
28.97 |
1.54 |
|
|
60 |
255.8 |
|
2.25 -1 |
3.06 -4 |
0.66 16 |
28.97 |
|
|
|
70 |
219.9 |
|
5.52 -2 |
8.74 -5 |
0.16 16 |
28.97 |
|
|
|
80 |
190.6 |
|
1.08 -2 |
1.95 -5 |
0.42 15 |
28.97 |
|
|
|
90 |
190.5 |
|
1.09 -3 |
3.46 -6 |
0.74 14 |
28.97 |
1.95 |
Ionospr. E |
|
100 |
202.7 |
6.43 |
3.54 -4 |
5.94 -7 |
0.3 14 |
28.97 |
|
|
|
In the minimum of the Solar activity
|
|
120 |
334 |
10.6 |
3.64 -5 |
3.56 -8 |
0.82 -12 |
27.1 |
|
|
|
140 |
508 |
17.4 |
8.78 -6 |
5.38 -9 |
0.13 12 |
25.9 |
|
|
|
160 |
615 |
22.3 |
3.20 -6 |
1.54 -9 |
0.39 11 |
24.6 |
|
|
|
180 |
685 |
26.3 |
1.41 -6 |
5.76 -10 |
0.15 11 |
23.3 |
|
|
|
200 |
732 |
29.9 |
6.90 -7 |
2.51 -10 |
0.71 10 |
22.1 |
3.65 |
Ionosph F1 |
|
250 |
790 |
37.2 |
1.56 -7 |
4.64 -11 |
0.15 10 |
19.4 |
|
Ionosph F2 |
|
350 |
|
40.1 |
1.43 -8 |
3.53 -12 |
0.13 9 |
16.4 |
|
|
|
400 |
800 |
50 |
5.05 -3 |
1.16 -12 |
0.47 8 |
15.5 |
|
|
|
500 |
800 |
64.7 |
8.40 -10 |
1.54 -13 |
0.79 7 |
12.2 |
|
|
|
600 |
800 |
105.7 |
2.42 -10 |
2.80 -14 |
0.23 7 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
800 |
800 |
221.8 |
7.00 -11 |
4.08 -15 |
0.65 6 |
3.9 |
|
|
|
1000 |
800 |
276.4 |
3.14 -11 |
1.55 -15 |
0.29 9 |
3.3 |
|
|
|
In the maximum of the Sun activity
|
|
120 |
379 |
12.5 |
22.7 -5 |
1.93 -8 |
0.45 12 |
26.8 |
|
|
|
140 |
690 |
27.6 |
8.11 -6 |
3.26 -9 |
0.79 11 |
25.8 |
|
|
|
160 |
970 |
38.8 |
4.44 -6 |
1.23 -9 |
0.31 11 |
25 |
|
|
|
180 |
1280 |
47 |
2.79 -6 |
6739 -10 |
0.6 11 |
24.4 |
|
|
|
200 |
1405 |
53.3 |
1.87 -6 |
3.91 -10 |
0.10 11 |
23.8 |
|
|
|
250 |
1566 |
64.1 |
8.02 -7 |
1.38 -10 |
0.38 10 |
22.4 |
|
|
|
300 |
1642 |
72.6 |
3.86 -7 |
5.95 -11 |
0.16 10 |
21 |
|
|
|
350 |
1676 |
79.6 |
2.00-7 |
2.85 -11 |
0.90 9 |
19.8 |
|
|
|
400 |
1690 |
86 |
1.10 -7 |
1.47 -11 |
0.49 9 |
18.8 |
|
|
|
500 |
1698 |
96.9 |
3.67 -8 |
4.49 -10 |
0.16 9 |
17.3 |
|
|
|
600 |
1700 |
106.7 |
13.7 -8 |
1.57 -12 |
0.61 9 |
16.2 |
|
|
|
800 |
1700 |
130.7 |
2.50 -9 |
2.47 -13 |
0.11 8 |
14 |
|
|
|
1000 |
1700 |
181.7 |
6.61 -10 |
5.04 -14 |
0.29 7 |
10.6 |
|
|
References:
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- Kasumov F.K. Modern Problems Of Space Physics And Dynamic Earthquake Model, First Eurasian Symposium On Space And Technologies, Oct.25-27,1993, Physics, V.18, No.9 1994, precursors. 946-951, Turkish Scientific And Technical Research Council, Marmara Reasearch Center, Istanbul
- Kasumov F.K. Scenario Of Sun-Earth Perturbances Cycles, Earthquakes Mechanism And Forecast Of Natural Disasters, World Conference On Natural Disasters Reduction, Yokohama, Japan, May 23-27,1994
- Kasumov F.K. Study Of The Mechanism Of The Stars Ray Energy Transfer When Their Exterior Coating Is Destroved By Gravitation Field Of The Black hole. Preprint of the APOKI, No. 93,1990,Baku,47 precursors.
- Kasumov F.K. Phenomenon Of Sverhnovas And Quark Mechanism Of Their Flashes, Preprint APOKI, No.109, 1990 Baku, 51 precursors.
- Kasumov F.K. Simulation Of A Destructive Effect Of An Explosion On Optically transparent Models, For Technical Progress, No.3, 1975, Baku, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukrainain Academy of Science.
- Sunyayev R.A. Physics Of The Space (Small encyclopedia), Mockow, encyclopedia publ., 1986, 763pp.
- Rujin Y.Y., Oraevsky V.N., Dokuchayeva A.X. Seismic Ionosphere Precursors, institute of the Earth Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Waves Distribution, the USSR Academy of Science, Moscow, 1993, 47pp.
- Ryvkin Y.R. Cycles of the Sun And The Earth, Institute of the Earth Magnetism, Ionosphere And Radio Waves Distribution, the USSR Academy of Science, Moscow, Nauka, 1989,163pp.
- Birfield Y.G., Tarantsev A.V. Effect Of Interaction Of The Earth Seismic Activity With The Ionosphere Through Acoustic Waves, Discoveries Of The Soviet Scientists, part I, Moscow State University publ., 1988,. pp. 66-67
- Marchuk G.I., Kondratyev K.Y., Kozoderov V.V., Radiation Balance Of The Earth: Key Aspects, Moscow, Nauka publ., 1988, 22pp.
- Kantor L.Y., Timofeev V.V., Sputnik Communication And Problems Of Geostationary Orbits, Moscow, Radio and Communication publ., 1998, 166pp.
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