Spatial database Development for green house gas emission Estimation using remote sensing and GIS
Lilik Budi Prasetyo1, Genya Saito2, Katsuo Okamoto2,
Haruo Tsuruta2, Ishizuka Shigehiro3, Ueda Shingo4,
Upik Rosalina1, Daniel Murdiyarso5, Atiek Widayati5
1Guest Researcher of BIOTROP (1996-1998) and staff of Faculty of Forestry,
Bogor Agriculture University, Bogor-Indonesia
2Natinal Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba-Japan
3Forestry and Forest Products Institute, Tsukuba-Japan
4National Institute for Resources and Environment, Tsukuba-Japan
5South East Asia Impact Center, Bogor-Indonesia
Abstract
Spatial digital database of Jambi Province, Indonesia from various sources of maps, remotely sensed imagery photos, field measurement and statistical data were developed using Geographical information System (GIS). The database result then were applied to make assessment of land-use/land cover change impacts on above ground carbon stock and soil surface flux of carbon dioxide (CO
2) nitrous oxide (N
2O) and methane (CH
4)
Introduction
Deforestation, conversion of forest into non-forest land use/land cover, especially in tropical forest area has been an international concern. It was estimated that tropical forest was deforested by 6-16.8 million hectares per year. (Grainger, 1993; Barbier et. all., 1991; Myers, 1994). Since forest hold the most carbon in terrestrial ecosystem, such changes give significant impact on the net increase of atmospheric carbon. In addition, land-use and land cover results in changes in greenhouse gases dynamics.
Greenhouse gases (CO
2, NO
2, CH
4) emission of soil is influenced by several factors such as land-used/land cover types, climatic factors, biological factors and physical environment factors. Emission measurements usually are conducted at a point location, therefore problem arise when emission estimation will be used for scaling up into a broader areas . The research aimed at the development of database to assist the regional estimation of aboveground carbon stock loss and soil surface green house gas emission changes caused by land-use/land cover changes using GIS and Remote Sensing. As a case study land-use/land cover change between 1986 to 1992 of Jambi Province, Indonesia will be evaluated.
Study Area Description
The study area is located in Jambi Province, between 0° 45' and 20°45' latitude south; 101° and 104°55' longitude east (Figure.1). The total area is 48,715 sq. km. It ranges from swampy coastal plains in the east to more than 1000 meters above the sea level in the western part. According to statistical data, in 1995 the population of Jambi was 2.18 Million and has increased more than two fold compared to 1971 data. (Bappeda Jambi 1995 and 1988).
Methodology
The research is initiated by the development land-use/land cover maps, and followed field measurement. Spatial database (land-use/land cover) construction was conducted in Forest Ecology and Remote Sensing Lab. Of Regional Center for Tropical Biology (Biotrop), and Remote Sensing Lab. of National Institute of Agro-environmental Sciences, Japan. Field measurements (above grounds biomass, and greenhouse gases flux) were conducted by Biotrop, Impact Center of South East Asia and National Institute of Agro-environmental Science, Japan.
a. Land-use/land cover map construction
Spatial database (Arc/Info file) of Land-use/land cover were developed based on land-use/land cover maps in 1986 and 1992 at scale 1 : 250 000 published by Bitrop. These two maps were made based on visual interpretation of various remotely sensed imagery photographs such as Landsat MSSR and SPOT.
b. Bio-mass estimation (Aboveground carbon stock)
Weight of sample components of the tree and pole i.e. steams, branches, twigs, leaves and roots of primary forest, secondary and logged over forest were estimated by using equation developed by Kira and lwata (1989). Stern weight included stem barks, while weight of branches included twigs. For the sapling and seedling, the calculation of biomass per individual was obtained from the average weight of several saplings and seedling component was separated into leaf weight, stem weight and root tree with the number of tree per hectare. The same method is applied for poles, saplings and seedlings. Above ground biomass of the other land-use/land cover types were made based on literatures. To get aboveground carbon stock the biomass weight multiplied by factor of 0.5.
