Abstract
Forests and grasslands play an important role in the economy development of the country. Especially Mongolian main economic branch is the livestock breeding which depends on climatic and pastorals conditions.

Forest cover is 12.5 mln.ha or 8.1% mostly with larch, pine, birch, cedar, spruce and saxaul and grassland cover is 70% of all territory. In an average year occur the 50-60 forest fires and 80-100 steppe fires. During last few years Mongolia has a various natural or non natural hazards and one of most dangerous natural hazard is a_Forest and steppe fires.

The National Remote Sensing Center has a receiving station from NOAA (USA) meteorological satellite, using its AVHRR (Advances Very High Resolution Radiometer) data we have developed the methodology for detection and monitoring of forest and steppe fires.

Within last 4 years was happened 857 cases of fires and burnt around 30 million hectares of forests and steppe areas. Those fires were detected and monitored by NOAA satellite data. Also we have estimate the some burnt areas areas by JERS satellite data and analyzed with GIS data.

Introduction
Mongolia is a country located at the Central Asian highland with an area of 1565000 square kilometers, is bounded on the north by Russia and on south by China. Mongolia located deep within the interior of the Eurasian mainland far from washing it seas and oceans, is a highland country and has a marked continental climates with poor soil fertility, scanty surface water resources, in the harsh natural conditions.

Mongolian nature and geography, its economic and social specific features account for its considerable vulnerability to natural disasters. Winters are cold with zud (severe winter conditions), in springs blizzards and tornadoes, wildfires are common, in summers shower rains, floods, in autumns heavy showfalls, forests, bilizzards often occur which means that throughout the year the country is under pressure of one of natural disasters.

Many experts from the field of disaster study to estimate how danger it is calculating number of human losses. Most of them did not include such natural hazards like heavy winter, drought and fire to the disaster if there are not so much humn death. But in case of Mongolia such hazards are causing direct and indirect way much more losses in livestock beside environmental and ecological damages. Animal husbandry is one of most important field of Mongolian economy and still it is base of our living condition. That is why, for the animal husbandry based on nomadic pastoralism meteorological phenomena and wildfires, which are affecting on pasture condition, a key influences.

2.Fire Damages of Last 4 Years in Mongolia
Forests and grasslands play an important role in the economy development of the country. Forest cover is 12.5 mln.ha or 8.1% mostly with larch, pine, rich, cedar, spruce and saxaul and grassland cover is 70% of all territory. In an average year occur the 50-60 forest fires and 80-100 steppe fires. During last few years Mongolia has a Forest and Steppe fires.. They damage about 70,000 ha of forest and 700,000 ha of grassland. The economic losses exceed 10 million tugrigs (Tugrig is Mongolian currency. 800 = 1$ by 1997).

About 90 percent of steppe and forest fires in Mongolia are caused by human. However it is human caused, nature has a burning materials. The forest resource of Mongolia is 1.3 bln cubic meter, timberland area is 300000ha, 42.1 mln cubic meter wood prepared during last 37 years and 70000 ha forest area is damaged by insect every year.

Forest fire and reforestation status:

	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	Total
Burnt forest area	205282	117809	34193	2363600	2710000	5430884
Reforested area	4585.7	4934	3970.2	3211.1	5001.1	21702.1
(Areas are in hectares)

The winter and spring from 1996 to 1999 were extremely dry and lack of show in most areas. From latest of early of June, Mongolia was suffered from large-scale forest and steppe fire, that devastated a large part of the country. In next table we showed some casualties of those fires.

Year	Aimags	Sums	#of fires	Area	MNT(mln)
1996	16	120	417	10778257	371.6
1997	14	98	239	12448182	127.4
1998	15	69	132	3981230	93.9
1999	15	44	69	3104544	98.2
Total			857	30312213	691.1

Casualties are : 29 people died, 83 people had different burn, 12084 livestock died, 218 family house, 1207 communication facilities, 762 fences, 31.7 mln. Ha pasture and forest burnt.
Total cost of properties 835.4 mln MNT
Ecological and economical damage estimates 2bln 461.8mln MNT

3.Fire Detection Resukts by Satellite Data

3.1. Fire detection Methodology using NOAA/AVHRR data
Since 1987 the information and Computer Center of Ministry of Nature and the Environment daily receives the AVHRR (Advances Very High Resolution Radiometer) data from NOAA meteorological satellite, which can be used to detect and monitor the forest and steppe fire over whole territory of Mongolia.

Channel 3 is at the wave range of thermal radiation from Earth and it can reflect the ground temperature. However, AVHRR channel 3 of NOAA satellite is very sensitive to the high temperature target on the ground and can be used to detect active fire on it.