4. Mineral Prospecting of Microscopic Effect
As mentioned above, the macroscopic effect of RS information enhances diffused faint information of targets and shows it off. In the same way, it may enhance the information transferred from deep earth. For example, at present, man is not very clear about the reasons why some old river ways buried in sediments of 600-meteer depth show off in MSS imageries. But the interference and overlay of comprehensive information is undeniably one reason of it (Shupeng Chen, 1998) [3]. The Macroscopic effect of RS information is very useful to geological exploration, for one deposits, often insidious or half insidious, show the edge of ore deposits or altered peripheral rocks on ground surface. Alteration changes either the physical state or the chemical state of rocks, or both. Especially, large-scale mineralizing happened on in deep earth must function in a large range space, form large planar orbicular or zonal faintly altered diffusion belt. Such large-scale space, of interference information field only can be exposed by the macroscopic effect of large-scale RS information. The anchor has used the Microscopic effect of NOAA imageries to study the macroscopic geological features of the large-scale ore deposits of Tianshan Mountain in the Middle Asia, found some deposit clustering principles of large-scale space and obtained excellent exploration results [4].

Study on Macroscopic Deposit-clustering Principles

1. Detecting Mineralizing Structure Background of Deep Earth.
   An available mineralizing structure background is one indispensable condition of large-scale deposits. The mantle upheaval, magma invasion, volcano-volcanic vault, density change resulted from matter exchange and other cases, all have imitate relationships with the thermal-dynamical environments in the earth and are a reflection of deep deposit clustering. In the transferring process of deep earth information, each element interacts with others is being overlaid or filtered then form hue and structure abnormally in RS imageries such as circle features in imageries. Another example, in NOAA imageries, the Muluntau gold deposit is shown as a ring of near 100-kilometer in diameter overlaid by a group of vertical transfer-structures, which may be the reflection of the thermal-dynamic background of insidious rocks in deep earth.
   
   
2. Detecting 'Transferring' structure
   "Transferring" structures refers to a thin belt, a tense strain belt and strain-releasing field of stress function of the earth, or a highly penetrative gate, controlling the movements of magma, mineralizing fluid, oil and gas, and thermal flu, or other actions, such as metamorphosis and earth-quakes. It is an important many tiny and dense linear structure, diffused and faint edges, outcrops of variable width from several to tens of kilometers, range from tens to hundreds of kilometers, even near thousand kilometers. On the earth surface, accidentally, it presents as linear permutation of weathered or eroded canyons, irregular up heaved terrains or other forms. Only according to the macroscopic effect of RS information, it harmoniously show up and is effectively identified out. Anchor found that all super-large-scale deposits of Tianshan Mountain in the Middle Asia were relative to 'transfer' structures.

Forecasting Targets of Large-scale Ores
The 'Background + events' Mineralizing Analysis Method is fashionable and very effective. It decomposes RS information into two basic kinds, say, mineralizing background information and mineralizing event information, which represent different mineralizing geological functions of two geologically time-space principles. Mineralizing function is a long time process. For example, regarding light-level metamorphosed rock series as background information which have altered peripheral rocks and regard it as mineralizing event information, then found RS exploration targets of large-scale ores, which has been proved the extent of 'China gold belt' in Kunlun Mountain.

Conclusions

• The macroscopic and microscopic effects are the two basic properties of RS information, relative and independent to each other. They cannot be obtained through simple composition or decomposition.
• The macroscopic effect existing objectively is the result of interference overlay of the information of faint radiant points.
• The macroscopic effect is the capable of identifying interfering information field of faint objects, exposing geological principles of large-scale, and enhancing the research on large-scale mineralizing function.

References

• Xiaowen, Li, BRDF of vegetation, "the earth system science", Chinese science & tech. Press, 1998, p-181.
• A. W. Siegrist & C. C. Schnetyler, The best identification bands of rocks, transferred from "photogr. Eng. Rem. Sem." Vol. 46, No.9, 1980, Collection of RS, Part II "Image processing and geological applications", Institute of information, the ministry of Geology., Beijing, Geological press. 1982.
• Shupeng Chen, 1998, the exploitation and applications of RS information, "the earth system sciences", Chinese science & tech. Press, p-203.
• Qizhong Lin, 1995, the practice and expectation of RS exploration, "the new development of RS science", Science Press, 1995, p-301-305.