Natural-Scientific Approach for Natural Conservation Using GIS
*Byungyang Choi.**Takekazu Koyanagi.***Yuji Kuwahara.****Kunio Shima
*Graduate Student, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Ibaraki University.
4-12-1Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-city Ibaraki-ken, 316-8511 JAPAN
TEL: (81)-294-38-5165 FAX: (81)-294-38-5249
E-mail: ibaraki@hcs.ibaraki.ac.jp
**Professor, Department of Urban and Civil Engineering, Ibaraki University.
4-12-1Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-city Ibaraki-ken, 316-8511 JAPAN
TEL: (81)-294-38-5165,FAX:(81)-294-38-5249
E-mail: koyanagi@civil.ibaraki.ac.jp
***Lecturer, Department of Urban and Civil Engineering, Ibaraki University.
4-12-1Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-city Ibaraki-ken, 316-8511 JAPAN
TEL: (81)-294-38-5261,FAX:(81)-294-38-5249
E-mail: kuwahara@hcs.ibaraki.ac.jp
****Assistant, Department of Urban and Civil Engineering, Ibaraki University.
4-12-1Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi-city Ibaraki-ken, 316-8511 JAPAN
TEL: (81)-294-38-5175,FAX:(81)-294-38-5249
E-mail: shima@hcs.ibaraki.ac.jp
Keywords: Natural-Scientific Approach, Vegetation, Grade of Vegetation Naturalness,
Conservation
Abstract
This study uses the vegetation in order to approach a diversity of the natural resource in the
natural park of the Hakusan national park super forest road vicinity region. The natural scientific analysis was
carried out using natural parameters such as soil, geology, and geography. It pick up the natural environment
in which the protected grade of vegetation naturalness the utilize it. As a result of the overlay analysis, the
study area came in grade 9 of the vegetation naturalness rank. It is because where Saseto-kurilensae-Fagion
crenatae Fagion crenatae primary forest grows. About 40% of soil was Brown Forest Soils it was observed
that the natural condition of the place with the high naturalness, protected the nature of the place which the
slope was well over 30 degree. There were many Regosoils in the soil located in the landslide area, and there
were some more over 30 degree on the slope. It was understood that there was landslide in relation to soil on
slopes by the analysis. The vegetation of which the naturalness was higher than the azimuth was distributed in
many for the west direction. This study was able to guess what it should consider in place, when it can grasp
the difference between present and past by using latest data and data 10 years ago, in respect of the vegetation,
and then it will attempt to protect conserve the natural environment at present. By this it was able to predict
the flow of the natural environment, as it showed the possibility of spatially grasping role and importance of
the natural vegetation.
Introduction
It was adopted convention on biological diversity of Earth Summit in 1992, and in Japan, it is promoting the
policy for the protection of biological diversity as an important problem. In addition, it carries out the
examination on utilization and sustainable development, while it attempts natural protection and conservation
for national land planning and regional development in Japan. The development or the utilization of the
natural environment must be considered for protection and conservation of the biology, because it effects
largely the survival of the biology. And, it is necessary to sufficiently grasp present state of natural
environment in order to realize protection of biological diversity for the protection and conservation of the
natural environment.
In the existing study, Harashina(1998) analyzed a habitat environment of the terrestrial mammalian of which
the continuity of the forest is important, and Choi(1992) described the status of development and utilization
for natural park.
In this study, it mainly examined the analysis of natural environment by the natural-scientific approach such as
soil and geology, geography, and vegetation which is important natural component in order to protect original
natural environment of natural park.
The study area(about 13000ha) is Hakusan super forest road vicinity located in Hakusan National Park,
Japan(Fig. 1). It analyzed the natural environment using soil map, geological map, topographical map,
existing vegetation map, and aerial photography in order to grasp the natural scientific data of the natural
environment. The analysis of the natural environment utilized Geographic Information System.
Outline of the Study Area
The Hakusan National Park of 2702m altitude, which was designated in the 1955 as a Quasi-national Park,
when the area became 47700ha it becomes the 20th national park in 1962. Afterwards, it set the park plan
(protection plan and utilization plan), and about 38% of the park area became a special protection area.
The Hakusan super forest road of the study area belong to the district in 1967, and made the construction plan
along Jadani of the Ojo river upstream, developed by Forest Development Corp. as a super forest road. It
constructed this forest road from the Oguchi village of Ishikawa Prefecture to the Sirakawa village of Gifu
Prefecture for the purpose of the development of Underdevelopment Forest Resources.
The study area is the mountainous zone of in the center of Hakusan. The climate the Sea of Japan influenced
by the Siberia climate, and annual rainfall is pluvial
snowy region where it reaches 2000-3000mm(Fig. 2).
Hakusan has well protected well alpine zone and
subalpine zone. It is the region of the naturalness
primary forest of the rich Fagus crenate growth is
high. Though the plant community in the study area receives various effects according to temperature,
snowfall and land condition, etc., the effect by the snow seems to be the biggest even in the interior.
fig . 1 Location of Study Area
fig . 2 Topographical Map (3 D)
This greatly divides the plant community in the study area, into forest and grassland. There are mainly Fagus
crenate forest and Thuja standishii-Pius parviflora forest of the sub-alpine in the forest, altherbosa and artificial
grassland are located in the grassland.
The animal of the study area is distributed as a center in respect to Hakusan region and Tedori river region. It
protects the good natural environment for the inhabitant of the animal. There are many mountains and hilly
area in which development has not been done to most of this region. Especially, Japanese macaque,
Capricornis Crispus and Japanese black bear of large Mammalia, etc. that mainly inhabit the study area.
