Changing urban land use and its impact on the environment ( A Case Study Of Jaipur City )
Objective
The overall objective of the study is to map the changes brought out by human activities particularly in the
field of encroachments, unscientific land use , haphazard growth of colonies. The study aims to asses the
negative and positive impact on environment due to changes in urban morphology and also
suggestalternative strategy or lanes plan which would be able to solve the present environmental problem.
METHODOLOGY
The study is primarily based on Satellite Remote Sensing technique.The satellite data of the year 1975 (
Landsat MSS), 1986 (IRS – LISS II FCC) 1991 (IRS - LISS III FCC) have been used to draw informations
onlanduse, geomorphology, geological features and hydrological features. maps. Other environmental
parameters have been collected by on line departments. The satellite data have been analyzed using
visual interpretation technique which was supported by ground truth surveys. The field surveys will be
conducted in two phases i.e. reconnaissance survey and detailed survey for ground truth collection and.preparation of image interpretation key. A few sites will be further visited after interpretation of satellite
data for final verification.
Expansion of the Jaipur city
In 1728 A.D. When the wall city of Jaipur was founded its total area was about 4.81 sq.km. By 1930-31
the limits of the municipal area further extended to the wall of city, and the total area reached to 9.6
sq.km. In1951 due to rapid increase in population the city area has been further expanded to 40 sq. km
During 1964, with the increasing demand of population problems associated with urbanisation like living
accommodation, traffic congestion, lack of sanitation and other amenities etc. there was a felt need of
preparing a Master Plan of keeping the needs of the Jaipur city upto 1991. In 1965 a Master Plan of
Jaipur city was prepared in 125 revenue village of surrounding areas of Jaipur city were brought in the
urban boundary. The total area reached to 115 sq. km. In 1972 and addition 132 revenue villages have
been inducted in the urban area and the total area reached upto 385 sq.km out of which 153 sq.km was
the urbanisable area and rest was to develop green belt around Jaipur. In recent past in 1995 the Master
Plan was revised targeting the need of the year 2011. An addition 6 towns and 342 revenue villages have
been identified in included in the urban areas for city Planning purpose. Now the total geographical area of
Jaipur city is spread in 1464 sq.km.
Temporal change in Landuse
As the urban population grow older and internal congestion increases, changes in the utilisation of land
inevitably occur along with simultaneous changes in the social and economic structure. The most
inevitable local change occurs in the horizontal growth of the town more especially in a peripheral
direction. The peripheral zone though covers an extensive agricultural area having rural characteristics,
yet it has very often included in the urban limits for the administrative reasons.
Table – 1 reveals that to meet the residential demand of growing population the area under construction of
houses, and social amenities has been increased by two times in last about three decades. In 1975 the
area under residence was 10.58 percent of the total municipal area of Jaipur which has been increased to
20.62 percent in 1991. Similarly area under construction activities has also been increased by three
times.
This construction activities have a direct bearing on agricultural land. Because the topography of Jaipur
city is such that the north and eastern part is covered y the hills and the west and southern part is plain
which has a prime agricultural land. Hence no expansion is possible on the hills, therefore all the
agricultural area is threatened by construction activities either for residential, commercial transportation or
industrial purpose. Table-1 reveals that out of the total agricultural area available in the year 1975 was
251.58 sq.km(65.2%) has been engulfed y the concretization and it has been reduced to 150.78 sq.km
(30.07%) in 1991.
Table – 1 Temporal Change in Landuse of Jaipur
| |
1975 |
1986 |
1991 |
| Built-up Land |
Area in
sq. km. |
% |
Area in
sq. km. |
% |
Area in
sq. km. |
% |
| High Density Area |
9.78 |
2.53 |
17.58 |
4.56 |
24.90 |
6.50 |
| Medium Density Area |
10.86 |
2.82 |
32.76 |
8.49 |
30.36 |
7.87 |
| Low Density Area |
20.16 |
5.23 |
23.64 |
6.13 |
24.12 |
6.25 |
| |
40.80 |
10.58 |
73.98 |
19.18 |
7938 |
20.62 |
| Forest Land |
| Degraded Forest |
27.90 |
7.23 |
34.56 |
8.96 |
43.26 |
11.21 |
| Dense Forest |
0.30 |
0.08 |
8.28 |
2.15 |
2.64 |
0.68 |
| |
28.20 |
7.31 |
42.84 |
11.11 |
45.80 |
11.89 |
| Agricultural Land |
| Cropped Area |
129.90 |
33.68 |
141.54 |
36.70 |
129.48 |
33.55 |
| Fallow land |
121.68 |
31.53 |
28.68 |
7.43 |
21.30 |
5.52 |
| |
251.58 |
65.22 |
169.22 |
44.13 |
150.78 |
39.07 |
| Wasteland |
| Gullied land |
2.52 |
0.66 |
4.14 |
1.07 |
3.78 |
0.98 |
| Sandy Land |
14.52 |
3.76 |
7.74 |
2.00 |
3.78 |
0.98 |
| Saline Land |
0.66 |
0.17 |
1.44 |
0.37 |
2.52 |
0.65 |
| Rocky land |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.12 |
0.03 |
| Mining spoiled land |
0.36 |
0.09 |
5.52 |
1.43 |
5.64 |
1.46 |
| |
18.06 |
4.68 |
18.84 |
4.87 |
15.84 |
4.10 |
| Industrial area |
34.98 |
9.07 |
42.24 |
10.95 |
44.34 |
11.49 |
| Land under construction |
| Activities |
11.88 |
3.08 |
36.36 |
9.43 |
47.70 |
12.36 |
| Parks & Play ground |
0.24 |
0.06 |
1.26 |
0.33 |
1.80 |
0.47 |
| Grand Total |
385.74 |
100.00 |
385.74 |
100.00 |
385.74 |
100.00 |
Second important landuse category is forest. As the large area of Jaipur is surrounded by hills called
Amer, Nahargarh and Jhalana It is desirable to have a good forest cover for healthy environment. They
also a source of rivers and wild life. Fortunately due to awareness about the environment and alertness of
the forest department the forest cover has shown increasing trend. The forest cover of Jaipur was 28.20
sq.km in 1975 which has been increased to 45.80 sq.km (11.89%) by 1991. This increase is also due to
put bane on the mining activities in vicinity of Jaipur.
