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New Generation Sensors and Applications: Hyperspectral Sensing
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An Adaptive Spectroellipsometric Technology for The Remote Ecological Monitoring of The Aquatic Environment
A technology of combined use of spectrometry and algorithms of identification and recognition
has for the first time allowed the creation of a standard integral complex of instrumental,
algorithmic, modular and software tools for the collection and processing of data on the aquatic
environment with forecasting and decision - making functions. The Adaptive Identifier has a set
of modifications intended for application under different conditions. A stationary version covers
the complete set of technical and algorithmic tools providing the real-time measurements. This
version can be used if a line power supply with a voltage of 220 V is available. A handheld field
version of the Adaptive Identifier provides two applications. If a notebook computer is available
under field conditions (in the absence of a line supply), the whole spectrum of the adaptive
identifier is realized in a real-time mode. Otherwise, the results of measurements are stored in an
of-line storage block and later are processed [1-8].
Table 1. Technical parameters of the Adaptive Identifier
The algorithmic support of the Adaptive Identifier is based on a complex application of
recognition and classification of discrete images formed on the basis of 35 spectra registered
during a fixed period of time. A time interval of 1 second is usually established and provides
about 60 value of brightness for each of the 35 optical channels. The spectra obtained are
sources of set of statistical parameters and different characteristics united into vector spaces for
their comparison with the standard samples stored on the computer. The technology of this
comparison depends on the diversity of identification methods.
The Adaptive Identifier is designed to learn from the measurement of spectral characteristics
and the simultaneous independent measurement of the content of chemical elements in the
aquatic environment. As a result, a standard bank is formed in the knowledge base, comparison
with which provides the solution of the identification problem. The software of the Adaptive
Identifier provides different algorithms for the solution of this problem, and cluster analysis is
among them.
The Adaptive Identifier can be used in different fields where the quality of water should be
estimated or the presence of a particular set of chemical elements should be revealed. The
Adaptive Identifier solves these problems by real-time monitoring of the aquatic environment.
In the stationary version it allows the tracking of the dynamics of water quality in a stream, and
when placed on a ship, it allows the measurement of water parameters along the route.
The functionality of the Adaptive Identifier can be extended by increasing the volume of
standards in the knowledge base. The use of a natural light source allows the examination of
soils, the indication of oil products on a water surface, the determination of the degree of the
pollution of atmospheric air and the estimation of the conditions of other objects of the
environment, whose spectral images may change.
The Adaptive Identifier was tested under expeditionary conditions on board of the research
vessel "Dmitry Mendeleev" in the Japanese Sea and in central areas of the Pacific Ocean and
also during the investigation of aqueous systems of South Vietnam and Siberia (lake Baikal,
Angara and Yenisey river) within the framework of the Russian - American and Russian -
Vietnamese ecological expeditions.
A Russian - Vietnamese scientific and engineering laboratory has been created within the
framework of the cooperation between the RAS, the Russian Academy of Natural Science
(RANS) and the Scientific Center for Natural Science and Technologies of Vietnam with the
main task being to create a standards base and to prepare the Adaptive Identifier for full - scale
production.
References
- Aleshin V.A., Klimov V.V., 1992. The Analysis of Optical Inhomo- geneities.- International
Symposium " Ecoinformatics Problems". Zwenigorod,1992, pp. 202-203.
- Bongard M.M. Problems of Recognition., 1967. Moscow: Nauka.
- Aleshin V.A., Klimov V.V., Krapivin V.F., Mkrtchyan F.A. et al., 1998. Remote Sensing of
the Water Objects with the Optical Adaptive Identifier.-International Symposium
"Ecoinformatics Problems". Moscow, pp. 21-24.
- Hong N.S., Chien L.N., Son P., Son K.T., Aleshin V.A., Klimov V.V., Mkrtchyan F.A., 1996.
Geoinformatical monitoring and the optical adaptive identificator - Second Hochimihn city
conference on mechanics: Abstracts of scientific papers. Institute of Applied Mechanics, pp.28
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- Klimov V.V., Kovalev V.I. ,Krapivin V.F., Mkrtchyan F.A., Nitu C., 1999. An expert system
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- Hong N.S., Chien L.N., Son P.,Son K.T., Aleshin V.A., Klimov V.V., Mkrtchyan F.A., 1996.
Geoinformatical monitoring and the optical adaptive identifier. Proceedings of the second
Hochimihn city conference on mechanics. Institute of Applied Mechanics, pp.180-182.
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