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Identification and characterisation of grape orchard using IRS 1D LISS III data
Ashvir Singh, N. S. Mehta and S. Panigrahy
Agro-Ecology and Management Division, Agricultural Resources Group
Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad - 380 015
Application of remote sensing in the field of
horticultural crops, particularly in orchard crops is relatively a new endeavour. However,
it has a tremendous potential in this field, as unlike field crops. Horticulture development
has emerged as one of the major thrust areas in agriculture in view of the domestic
requirements as well as export potentials of horticultural produce. There is no systematic
survey of orchard crops for area, production, productivity and orchard status in the
country, which act as the major impediment in the development of horticulture scenario.
Grape is one of the most important fruit crop of India and grown for domestic and export
purposes. The area and production of grape in India are about 34010 ha and 75000 tones per
annum, respectively. Keeping in view the importance of grape industry in India, the present
study was taken to study temporal spectral signature of grape orchards and the feasibility
of delineating the grape orchard area. Niphad taluk of Nasik district in Maharastra was
selected as study area, because grape is predominant crop of this area.
IRS 1D LISS III data acquired on December 26, 1998, January 2 and February 14, 1999
were used. Ground truth data were collected on orchard locations, condition and
phenological stages. Unsupervised ISODATA clustering classification was evaluated using
various combinations of three date data. Ground truth data were used to identify the
clusters belonging to grape classes. Results showed that, in general the classification accuracy
was poor using single date data, as the probability of signature overlap with the field
crops was high. Three date data has resulted in higher accuracy. Two date data acquired
during December and January also gave higher accuracy among the two date data combinations. It
can be mentioned that December and January coincide with the peak vegetation period of the
grape orchards. Grape signatures were more prominent in the month of December, because of
more vegetative cover. Hence, the December data was more appropriate in comparison to
February and January data for delineation and discrimination of grape orchards from other
vegetation. The temporal profile of the grape orchards was studied using Normalised
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). It was found to be highest(>0.4) in December, and lowest in
February, which matches well with the crop phenology.
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