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Application of GIS on small farm and dairy management: SARSA green, Durgapur, West-Bengal Land, where cultivation is going on, requires further treatment for removal of gravel. Gradual dosing of organic manure would provide the required humus to the soil to provide nutrition to the soil. The flat land with gravel and hard rocks need digging up and leveling with removals of gravels and rocks as much as possible. Management of surface water, as would be done through preparation of surface channels and pump sets, where necessary to cover the area so harvestable. Through GIS systems, the whole management systems can be shown in proper way (i.e., where the cultivated land is, where the feeding mill is, where the house of cattle is, where the biogas plant is, how the irrigation process is going on). There is an existence of high land in the project site where the feeding mill, biogas plant, cattle house will be constructed. If the high land is demarcated through the GIS systems showing the mentioned plants it will be easy to show the farm process. This is the advantage of the high land. Study Area It includes Dairy cattle farm along with different units like fodder production, hut management, cattle feed plant, diary plant, and different farming system. In the present situation the project site is a total land of 215 acres. The project site is located in the mouzas Chapabandi, Bansgora, and Hetediba in the Lau Doha Block of Durgapur in Burdwan District. (Fig.2) Within the project site there are some cultivable lands, an office, and some artificially created water bodies. The project site is situated in between the two main rivers namely Ajay and Damodar, which are almost in equal distance of nearly 10 km. The project area is mainly barren land but there is an elevated land in the central part of the project site. The main aim of the project is to uplift the local economy and environment. The soil type of the main area is gravel and clay. In some parts of the project area has been dug out leaving some trenches of various sizes here and there. These trenches have been leveled to make flat lands. The ph value is between 4.47 and 4.92. The proposed site of the Sarasa Green Project exists in such an area where there is no borehole. In this connection a Geo-exploration Company has carried out Electrical Resistively Survey for locating the potential ground water bearing zones in the particular area. They have located 8 points in the area. Their result indicates that loose gravels of various sizes cover the central part of the area. But there is an impervious clay layer below the gravel layer. Under the circumstances, the recharge potential, through rainfall in the area is somewhat restricted. There is a wide variation of lithology up to a depth of 20-120 m in the area, which is under study. As such we have to locate the drilling points on the map. In the site there is a variation of lithology .So we have to make a soil profile with the variation of soil. This soil profile is to be superimposed on the final map. The soil profile will have to be determined in the borehole sites with in the project site. Our main objectives of the project are to prepare the land use map, contour map showing the digital elevation model, ground water resource mapping that is the map showing the potential groundwater bearing zones within that particular area, and application of GIS in the integrated farm and dairy management. The digitized map will cover the water bodies, cultivable lands, forest areas, soil characteristics, etc. The land use and land cover map will also include the depth wise soil variation. For the generation of digital elevation model, contours are needed. Though the project area has no large contour variation, the elevation model is to be prepared in the highland area only. 
Fig 2: Sarasa Project Area The project site is about 215 acres of land at present. The Management is likely to acquire some more land all around the present site. The land available at the site may be divided into three major segments, viz,(a) the land already under cultivation (b) flat land with gravels and hard rocks and (c) the excavated land from which most of the loose gravels and stones have been removed. The site has several advantages for Diary farming Existence of high land which is hardly cultivated can very well accommodate the housings for cattle feed, milling plant, silage making, and establishment of bio-gas plant by utilizing the cow-dung through well laid out drainage system and setting up tanks settling tanks in the existing dug-out spots, proper monitoring can be executed through GIS applications. The climatic condition of the area is generally favorable for dairy farming except for a short period of time during the summer season. There are three villages in the neighborhood of the Project site viz, Hetedoba, Bansgora & Ichapur. Sufficient manpower will be available for the project for its various operations. This will improve the financial condition of the villagers. Physiography & Drainage The area is a small part of Burdwan District .The average rainfall of the district is 1500mm. Agricultural lands, non-agricultural lands, forest areas, etc mainly cover the area. The two main rivers namely Ajoy and Damodar among which Ajoy flows through the NE part and Damodar flows through the SW part. Having the presence of the rivers groundwater potentially in the area is large. A number of micro channels can be identified from the satellite imagery in the study area. Also there are a number of streams surrounding the project area. Drainage density is a measure of the length of the stream segment per unit area. The factors controlling stream length are resistant to weathering and permeability of the formations apart from the climatic and other factors, like vegetation. In general low drainage density is observed in regions of highly resistant or permeable soil material under vegetative cover and low relief. High drainage density is observed in the regions of weak and impermeable subsurface material and mountainous relief. |