|
|
|
Overview |
Crop Production |
Crop Pattern |
Crop Yield |
Irrigation |
Soil Management | Precision Farming |
Relevant Products |
Relevant Links
Application of Space Pictures IKONOS for Agricultural Monitoring
Bakhtior Kurbanov
Deputy director and head of the department on science
The National Center of Geodesy and Cartography of the republic of Uzbekistan
Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent
bk1948@bk.ru
Development of mankind was always in close dependence with environment. First of all the basic problem during historical development of the mankind was the problem of well-being. At an early stage that was collection of nutriments. Further - the increase of agricultural crops mainly due to development of new lands. With industrial development - more intensive use of natural resources. Thus mankind did not worry about the condition of environment which resulted in thoughtless, at times barbarous use of natural resource to please its well-being. It resulted in the processes of desertification, soil salinity, degradation of soil and vegetation, pollution of superficial waters and etc. The nature and environment appeared rather vulnerable to excessive exploitation and anthropogenous pressure, application of inefficient systems of irrigation and water resources management, irrational methods of land tenure.
A vivid example is the Aral crisis - the largest ecological and humanitarian disaster in the newest history of the mankind, occurred during only one generation. It influenced about 35 million persons living in the pool of the Aral Sea. Mankind started to disturb about the condition of environment only when its negative consequences led to change of climate, decrease in agricultural productivity and started to render negative impact on living conditions and health of population.
The analysis of the world economy development testifies that from 1950 up to 1985 the grain yield was increasing almost on 3 % per year. For the same period the consumption of livestock products per capita increased on 40 %. In 90th situation started to vary to worse side. Sharp contradictions between quickly increasing population on the Earth and the opportunities of natural resources using were designated. The peak of annual growth of world economy fell on 60th and made 5,2 %. In 70th it decreased up to 3,4 % and in 80th fell on to 2,9 %. From 1990 to 1994 the world economy growth made about 0,5 % per year.
From 1950 to 1985 the grain yield was increasing almost on 3 % per year. For the same period the consumption of livestock products increased on 40 % per capita. From1985 the consumption of foodstuffs has been annually reducing on 1 % per capita.
Used traditional agrarian technologies have settled themselves. The area of arable lands, pastures remained practically the same. The quantity of produced grain, meat, and fishing mismatch the rates of population growth. The similar picture is observed in consumption of mineral raw.
Leading countries of the world came to understanding that the solution to the present situation should be searched in use of modern technologies. Alongside with modern technologies in extraction, processing of mineral raw resources, cultivation of agriculture products the rational use of natural resources demands attraction of modern informational resources and technologies. One of the types of the modern informational products is space shooting. Space pictures can be successfully used in various branches such as agriculture, ecology, search of minerals, defense and others [1,2,4,5]. During the last years the volume of remote sensing use for solution of various economic problems has essentially raised. Universal application of space information in separate directions is characterized by following parameters (in %):
- Studying of bowels and exploration of minerals.......................................... 26
- Ecological and geographical researches in general...................................... 18
- Planning of using of territory and the land fund......................................... 12
- Creation and updating of topographical maps............................................... 8
- Designing, construction and operation
of engineering constructions.............................. 6
- Studying of shelf, water areas of the seas and oceans.................................... 5
- Research of water resources.......................................................................... 4
- State administration bodies............................................................................ 2
- Other fields of remote sensing
materials application…………………………....................... 8
Thus as follows from table 1, the share of materials using in satellite imagery grows more quickly in comparison with materials using in air photography [3]. It speaks about several factors. On resolution the satellite imagery comes closely to air photography. Thus the shot of satellite imagery covers bigger territory in comparison with air photography that simplifies the procedure of its processing. Unlike air photography the satellite imagery enables simultaneous survey in several zones of spectrum at once. The quantity of spectral zones can reach two hundreds (hyper spectral survey).
|
|
|