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Research on Mobile Mapping System and its Application in Precision Agriculture
3. Key Technologies
Integrates space information, modern communication and intelligent technologies, Mobile Mapping System is designed to collect real time field data with certain positioning information, editing, processing, visualizing, and mapping multi-source data. In its working, following key technologies exert important functions.
3.1 Intelligent Integration of Multi-Dimension Data
Usually field data derived by Mobile Mapping System at scales have to be combined with ancillary data layers from other sources. The resolution and format of multi-sources should be matching. Moreover it is necessary for GPS data properly matching with the geo-spatial database. Recently the integration method has been much more intelligent for dealing with and integrating quickly and accurately. Such study need further progress though great deal of work has been done on it.
3.2 Compression and Decompression Models of Spatial Information
Compression and decompression models study has been discussed for a long time. Almost every spatial database involves the problem because large data files not only take much more capacity of the database, but also at the same time its loading cost much longer time than small files.
Now there are many compression and decompression models for spatial information. All of them have their own characteristics and their compressibility is different from each other. Generally higher compression ratio brings more information loss. When selecting the compression and decompression models, the safety, time cost and efficiency are main factors considered.
3.3 Efficient Transmission of Spatial Information
Spatial data/information includes not only remote sensing data, survey data, but also graphic data and attribute data, so transmission of the large data is a difficulty especially when telecommuting or data synchronization between mobile terminals and desktop GIS. Thereby efficient transmission of spatial information is needed imminently.
To resolve the problem, bandwidth of the broadband networks should be improved. At present the new networks with 10 G/s transmission speed is building in USA. It is obvious that the transfers of large data depends on broadband networks technology.
3.4 Interface of Wireless Communication and Mobile Intelligent Terminal
The capacity and computing ability of mobile intelligent terminal are limited, so it is impossible to store all the data in the limited memory and flash card. Thereby it is absolutely necessarily to transfer the data by Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) from server to user. Accordingly it becomes a key problem to make the interface friendly, and at the same time the data reading speed is another issue settled imminently. Thereby the study on interface of wireless communication and mobile terminals has been paid on much more attention.
4. Application in precision agriculture
4.1 Precision agriculture
Precision agriculture is a new agriculture technology system development quickly in recent years. Integrating agronomy, geography, biology, agrology, botany, geo-spatial science, precision agriculture can be defined as a comprehensive system designed to help farming. It involves various problems in crop planning and includes tillage, planting, chemical applications, harvesting, and post harvest processing of the crop. Precision farming is a pro-active approach that reduces some of the risk and variables common to agriculture, so we think that it has the potential of optimizing cost and ecological effects through the application of crop information, advanced technology and management practices. Accordingly, how to get these information and data quickly and accurately becomes the foundation of precision agriculture construction, while how to manage the information and make decision quickly and intelligently is the key technology in precision agriculture.
It is obvious that information technologies are foundation of precision agriculture, and positioning, timing, mapping and analysis are most important among them. Accordingly Mobile Mapping System can help agriculturist with a new capability of gathering information for implementing decision-based Precision Agriculture.
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