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A GIS/LIS Approach for Study on Suitability of Shallow Foundation at Southern Chennai, India
S. Rajesh
Lecturer
Department of Civil Engineering
Vellore Institute of Technology
VIT- Deemed University, INDIA
hsrajesh79@yahoo.com
D.Sankaragururaman
Scientist - E
Division of Soil Mechanics
& Foundation Engineering
Anna University, INDIA
Ashutosh Das
Lecturer
School of Civil Engineering
SASTRA Deemed-University
Thanjavur, INDIA
dasa16108@yahoo.com
Introduction
With the development of economic activities in the world, the construction activities have also increased manifold. In order to assess the general suitability of the site and to prepare an adequate and economic safe design for the proposed work, proper sub surface investigation is to be made. The primary objective of subsoil investigation in civil engineering is to determine stratiagraphy and pertinent properties of soil underlying the site. The sub-soil stratum below the ground is always complex. Traditional method of soil investigation includes boring (or) drilling, test pits, plate/ footing load test, sounding/ probing, dynamic soil test, analysis chemical and engineering parameters of soil or rock sample in laboratory and so forth. Later with the introduction of various indirect methods (involving geophysical investigation such as electrical conductivity test, seismic refraction and magnetic methods) and expansive application of remote sensing techniques in the soil mapping, now more synoptic coverage could be obtained. With the introduction of Geographic Information System (GIS) at present, not only the missing spatial data could be generated to cope with existing geographically referenced data and the corresponding attribute information, but modeling and simulation for specific requirement and fore costing can also be carried out.
The use of GIS in geotechnical investigation has been rather recent in comparison to its own applications such as water resources, agriculture, geology, metrology etc., . As for as geotechnical engineering is concerned inclusion of the spatial attributes of the data is itself a significant advance over common practice, where the spatial component of these data is often ignored through the averaging of multiple data values from different location and application of a safety factor to account for variability among other factors. The soil as a whole is a complex material, it is always heterogeneous and non-isotropic because of which profile of soil will be entirely different from place to place.
In order to decide the suitability of foundation for any structures, any location, and any loading, the bearing capacity of soil is to be determined. Safe bearing capacity of soil (SBC) refers to the maximum net intensity of loading, which can be allowed on the soil without the settlement exceeding permissible value (1). SBC of the soil can be determined by sub soil investigation. However, due to expensive subsoil investigation works, the present research was undertaken taking the advantage of the spatial continuity and variability of this important geotechnical parameters to develop a user friendly suitability map for shallow foundation.
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