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Field/Ground Verifications Techniques of Remote Sensing Images for Mangrove at Batam Island 2. Methodology, data used and results 2.1 Study Area The Study area is located Batam Island, Indonesia. It exixts at Latitude 1o5’24” Longitude 104o1’48”.  2.2. Main Problem in the Study Area expansion of human settlements reclamation conversion of mangrove areas for shrimp and fish farming 2.3. Data Used: LPI, Lingkungan Pantai Indonesia (Indonesian Coastal Environment) Maps scale 1:50.000, 5 sheets, digital and hard copy, digital map were used for computer base mapping, hard copy maps used as field guide. Sheet numbers and names:
Satellite Image Landsat Image captured 2001 path/row 125/59 Aster Image captured 2007 2.4 Equipment Used: Dual Core Desktop PC computer as digital image processing in laboratory with ErMapper, ENVI and GIS Software ArcView 3.3 HP-iPaq PDA - Bluetooth GPS as input hardware on the field, with ArcPad Sofware 2.5 Methodology 2.5.1 Mapping of mangroves in the study area Image Processing - Geometric Correction Digital image data can often contain errors in geometry due to the motion of the scanners, sensor characteristics, the curvature of the earth, or other factors. In this study, reference image/map use Indonesian Earth Shape Map to rectify these errors. Minimum distribution of Ground Control Points (GCPs) is ten control point and distribute in study area. Election of control point based on geographic caharacteristic such branch of river, branch of road, meander, shoreline and else. - Color Composite Colour composite will be used to mangrove identification. Landsat ETM+ use near infra red, middle infrared and green spectrum to make colour composite (RGB 452). ASTER use band no 3, 5, and 2 to make colour composite. Satellite image data interpretation used to discrimination mangrove ecosystem with another feature. - Cropping This step is to cut image with mangrove ecosystem from satellite image data interpretation. This step will only show up the mangrove coverage area. - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), it is possible to determine mangrove to be three density class is low, moderate and high. 2.5.2 Field Check with ArcPad Prepare the data Convert the result from NDVI to Vector format using ENVI, open the convert file to ArcView, overlay with satellite image data. Convert to GeoJPG that recognized by ArcPad (ArcPad Extension on ArcView 3.3) Upload GeoJPG to PDA In the field Activate the Bluetooth GPS and PDA Define sample Transect Quadrant on the sample area Inputting the transect result to ArcPad, including photos number
3. Conclusions The ArcPad software has proven to be useful during study, it is much better than the traditional Handheld GPS. We can not only navigate with this tool, but also can input the attribute of object. 4. References Anggoro, Taufik, Irmadi, Pemetaan Neraca dan Valuasi Ekonomi Sumber Daya Mangrove Kota Batam,Prov. Kepri 1:50.000, 2007 Chaichoke Vaiphasa, Remote Sensing Techniques for Mangrove Mapping, 2006 Esri, ArcPad™: Taking GIS to the Field, 2000 Lillesand and Kiefer: Remote sensing and Image interpretation, John Wiley and sons, 1976.
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