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Field/Ground Verifications Techniques of Remote Sensing Images
for Mangrove at Batam Island
BAKOSURTANAL
(National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping) Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
|
Taufik Hidayatullah taufiktmg@gmail.com |
Suwahyuono wahyulaut@yahoo.com |
Anggoro anggoro@bakosurtanal.go.id |
A. Ari Dartoyo aridartoyo@bakosurtanal.go.id |
(National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping) Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911 Indonesia
Abstract:
Batam Island is situated between Indonesia and Singapore. The rapid extensive development of this island have been making pressure on mangrove formation, as one of the valuable coastal natural resource. Remote sensing can give information about the density of mangrove and about the changes overtime. The aims of this study was to apply field verification method for the assessment satellite imagery data, with PDA and Buetooth GPS hardware and ArcPad software. Landsat and Aster satellite images were used for creating maps of the color composit, and after applying NDVI and visual interpretation, the result (low, moderate and high density mangrove) uploaded to PDA. The transect quadrant method was conducted as in-situ measurement. This study shows that ArcPad is a very useful tool for field-based mangrove validation.
Introduction
1.1. Introduction
This paper is to describe what we have done in our office, Centre for Marine Resources Survey, as one of division at National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping our task is to make thematic maps especially the marine natural resources i.e. mangroves, sea grass and coral reef. As a new user on ArcPad Software, PDA and BT-GPS, we tried to implement this verification method on the field, especially on mangrove.
Batam Island is the largest islands in the Riau archipelago. This island was just an ordinary island with coastal villages and unspoiled environment, unless after the Batam Free Trade Zone declared on 1989, the island has changed dramatically, now it has modern airport, tourist and business center and growing infrastructure, last but not least the settlement. The positions of this island is also strategic, it lies between Indonesia and Singapore, close to Malacca Strait.
Mangroves at Batam, like any other place in the world being threaten by by the expansion of the large-scale human settlements, conversion of mangrove areas for shrimp and fish farming, and high demand for charcoal.
Scope and Objectives of The Study The combination of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System gives us the opportunity to monitor the changes of mangrove coverage.
Field study using PDA and Bluetooth GPS with ArcPad Software.
2. Methodology, data used and results
2.1 Study Area
The Study area is located Batam Island, Indonesia. It exixts at Latitude 1o5’24” Longitude 104o1’48”.
2.2. Main Problem in the Study Area expansion of human settlements reclamation conversion of mangrove areas for shrimp and fish farming
2.3. Data Used:
LPI, Lingkungan Pantai Indonesia (Indonesian Coastal Environment) Maps scale 1:50.000, 5 sheets, digital and hard copy, digital map were used for computer base mapping, hard copy maps used as field guide. Sheet numbers and names:
Satellite Image Landsat Image captured 2001 path/row 125/59 Aster Image captured 2007
2.4 Equipment Used:
Dual Core Desktop PC computer as digital image processing in laboratory with ErMapper, ENVI and GIS Software ArcView 3.3 HP-iPaq PDA - Bluetooth GPS as input hardware on the field, with ArcPad Sofware
2.5 Methodology
2.5.1 Mapping of mangroves in the study area Image Processing
- Geometric Correction
Digital image data can often contain errors in geometry due to the motion of the scanners, sensor characteristics, the curvature of the earth, or other factors. In this study, reference image/map use Indonesian Earth Shape Map to rectify these errors. Minimum distribution of Ground Control Points (GCPs) is ten control point and distribute in study area. Election of control point based on geographic caharacteristic such branch of river, branch of road, meander, shoreline and else.
- Color Composite
Colour composite will be used to mangrove identification. Landsat ETM+ use near infra red, middle infrared and green spectrum to make colour composite (RGB 452). ASTER use band no 3, 5, and 2 to make colour composite. Satellite image data interpretation used to discrimination mangrove ecosystem with another feature.
- Cropping
This step is to cut image with mangrove ecosystem from satellite image data interpretation. This step will only show up the mangrove coverage area.
- Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), it is possible to determine mangrove to be three density class is low, moderate and high.
2.5.2 Field Check with ArcPad
Prepare the data
Convert the result from NDVI to Vector format using ENVI, open the convert file to ArcView, overlay with satellite image data. Convert to GeoJPG that recognized by ArcPad (ArcPad Extension on ArcView 3.3) Upload GeoJPG to PDA
In the field
Activate the Bluetooth GPS and PDA
Define sample
Transect Quadrant on the sample area
Inputting the transect result to ArcPad, including photos number
3. Conclusions
The ArcPad software has proven to be useful during study, it is much better than the traditional Handheld GPS. We can not only navigate with this tool, but also can input the attribute of object.
4. References
Anggoro, Taufik, Irmadi, Pemetaan Neraca dan Valuasi Ekonomi Sumber Daya Mangrove Kota Batam,Prov. Kepri 1:50.000, 2007 Chaichoke Vaiphasa, Remote Sensing Techniques for Mangrove Mapping, 2006 Esri, ArcPad™: Taking GIS to the Field, 2000 Lillesand and Kiefer: Remote sensing and Image interpretation, John Wiley and sons, 1976.
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Batam Island is situated between Indonesia and Singapore. The rapid extensive development of this island have been making pressure on mangrove formation, as one of the valuable coastal natural resource. Remote sensing can give information about the density of mangrove and about the changes overtime. The aims of this study was to apply field verification method for the assessment satellite imagery data, with PDA and Buetooth GPS hardware and ArcPad software. Landsat and Aster satellite images were used for creating maps of the color composit, and after applying NDVI and visual interpretation, the result (low, moderate and high density mangrove) uploaded to PDA. The transect quadrant method was conducted as in-situ measurement. This study shows that ArcPad is a very useful tool for field-based mangrove validation.
Introduction
1.1. Introduction
This paper is to describe what we have done in our office, Centre for Marine Resources Survey, as one of division at National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping our task is to make thematic maps especially the marine natural resources i.e. mangroves, sea grass and coral reef. As a new user on ArcPad Software, PDA and BT-GPS, we tried to implement this verification method on the field, especially on mangrove.
Batam Island is the largest islands in the Riau archipelago. This island was just an ordinary island with coastal villages and unspoiled environment, unless after the Batam Free Trade Zone declared on 1989, the island has changed dramatically, now it has modern airport, tourist and business center and growing infrastructure, last but not least the settlement. The positions of this island is also strategic, it lies between Indonesia and Singapore, close to Malacca Strait.
Mangroves at Batam, like any other place in the world being threaten by by the expansion of the large-scale human settlements, conversion of mangrove areas for shrimp and fish farming, and high demand for charcoal.
Scope and Objectives of The Study The combination of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System gives us the opportunity to monitor the changes of mangrove coverage.
Field study using PDA and Bluetooth GPS with ArcPad Software.
2. Methodology, data used and results
2.1 Study Area
The Study area is located Batam Island, Indonesia. It exixts at Latitude 1o5’24” Longitude 104o1’48”.
2.2. Main Problem in the Study Area expansion of human settlements reclamation conversion of mangrove areas for shrimp and fish farming
2.3. Data Used:
LPI, Lingkungan Pantai Indonesia (Indonesian Coastal Environment) Maps scale 1:50.000, 5 sheets, digital and hard copy, digital map were used for computer base mapping, hard copy maps used as field guide. Sheet numbers and names:
- 1017-01 Sekupang
- 1017-02 Batam Centre
- 1016-04 Barelang
- 1016-07 Tanjung Pinang
- 1016-08 Galang Baru.
Satellite Image Landsat Image captured 2001 path/row 125/59 Aster Image captured 2007
2.4 Equipment Used:
Dual Core Desktop PC computer as digital image processing in laboratory with ErMapper, ENVI and GIS Software ArcView 3.3 HP-iPaq PDA - Bluetooth GPS as input hardware on the field, with ArcPad Sofware
2.5 Methodology
2.5.1 Mapping of mangroves in the study area Image Processing
- Geometric Correction
Digital image data can often contain errors in geometry due to the motion of the scanners, sensor characteristics, the curvature of the earth, or other factors. In this study, reference image/map use Indonesian Earth Shape Map to rectify these errors. Minimum distribution of Ground Control Points (GCPs) is ten control point and distribute in study area. Election of control point based on geographic caharacteristic such branch of river, branch of road, meander, shoreline and else.
- Color Composite
Colour composite will be used to mangrove identification. Landsat ETM+ use near infra red, middle infrared and green spectrum to make colour composite (RGB 452). ASTER use band no 3, 5, and 2 to make colour composite. Satellite image data interpretation used to discrimination mangrove ecosystem with another feature.
- Cropping
This step is to cut image with mangrove ecosystem from satellite image data interpretation. This step will only show up the mangrove coverage area.
- Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), it is possible to determine mangrove to be three density class is low, moderate and high.
2.5.2 Field Check with ArcPad
Prepare the data
Convert the result from NDVI to Vector format using ENVI, open the convert file to ArcView, overlay with satellite image data. Convert to GeoJPG that recognized by ArcPad (ArcPad Extension on ArcView 3.3) Upload GeoJPG to PDA
In the field
Activate the Bluetooth GPS and PDA
Define sample
Transect Quadrant on the sample area
Inputting the transect result to ArcPad, including photos number
 Mangrove density from Landsat |
 Mangrove density from Aster |
 Tracking with point samples |
 Inputting attribute of sample |
3. Conclusions
The ArcPad software has proven to be useful during study, it is much better than the traditional Handheld GPS. We can not only navigate with this tool, but also can input the attribute of object.
4. References
Anggoro, Taufik, Irmadi, Pemetaan Neraca dan Valuasi Ekonomi Sumber Daya Mangrove Kota Batam,Prov. Kepri 1:50.000, 2007 Chaichoke Vaiphasa, Remote Sensing Techniques for Mangrove Mapping, 2006 Esri, ArcPad™: Taking GIS to the Field, 2000 Lillesand and Kiefer: Remote sensing and Image interpretation, John Wiley and sons, 1976.