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Pasture Productivity Changes In Mongolia In this study we have used the pasture productivity (plant biomass) data observed and simulated by ecosystem model Century and integrated with NOAA/NDVI data. Pasture Productivity However, the pasture of Mongolia has special characteristics as, wide spreading throughout different ecosystems with high numbers of plant species; it deeply depends on climatic situation. There are 2600 species, but only about 600 species eaten by livestock. Some research showed that the total pasture capacity of the country is 50 to 60 million sheep unit. Today, the current total livestock reached to 72 million sheep unit and pasture area reduced by 5 – 6 millions ha because of urbanization, mining industries, and tourism. The average livestock density is 54 animals per 100 ha in the country and in different natural zones. Plant productivity of the Mongolian arid and semi arid pasture has high variability as precipitation. Mean of peak standing biomass varies from 100 to 1000 kg/ha, decrease from the North to the South. Pasture biomass measurement is crucial to estimate forage resource. As defined Dr. Tserendash S, the peak biological biomass is 1050-1500 kg/ha in the high mountains, 1150-1940 kg/ha in the forest steppe, 650-1300 kg/ha in the steppe and 290-380 kg/ha in the desert steppe. Other scientists estimated livestock available biomass is 500 –600 kg/ha in the forest steppe, 200-400 kg/ha in the steppe and 100-200 kg/ha in the desert steppe. According to the study, the average peak standing biomass is 590 kg/ha in the forest steppe, 300 kg/ha in the steppe, 220 kg/ha in the desert steppe and 170 kg/ha in the Altai Mountains and the desert (Table 1). Pasture biomass, 100 kg/ha
Fig. 1. Peak biomass, simulated by Century model, g/m2 |
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