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Generating labanotation from motion-captured human body motion data
Labanotation and LND
- Labanotation
Figure3 illustrates an example of a Labanotation score, which is extracted from a Labano-
tation textbook written by Hutchinson[1]. Labanotation score is drawn in a form of vertical
sta_ where each column represents the motion of a part of the body. Figure 4(a) shows the
basic arrangement of columns in the sta_. The motion of each body part is expressed by a
sequence of geometrical symbols placed in the corresponding column.

Figure 3: Example of Labanotation score[1]

Figure 4: Symbolism of Labanotation
Symbols for motion expression are classi_ed into several categories, but the most fun-
damental ones are the direction signs and the rotation signs. Direction signs describe the
translation of joints with achievement of a position in space by the joint, or with motion of
the joint in that direction. Rotation signs describe various forms of rotational motion.
Direction signs are expressed by polygonal symbols. Figure 4(b) shows the structure of the
symbol for direction signs. A single symbol for a direction sign represents three basic items
of information about a motion: Direction of horizontal motion is expressed by its shape,
vertical motion (levels) by its inside shading, and the duration by its size (i.e. length).
- Internal representation LND
LND (Labanotation Data), which is an internal representation for Labanotation, has been
designed with reference to the structure of Labanotation. We use alphanumeric characters
to represent basic symbols.
Figure 5 shows the format of LND representation. Lines followed by # are for specifying
fundamental parameters of Labanotation, and lines followed by // are comments. The
motion of a body part is speci_ed by a line followed by a command direction .
#speed=80
#rhythm 4/4
#unit_per_line 5
#unit_total 10
#unit1 |
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| //direction |
joint |
direction |
level |
start |
end |
| direction |
l_arm |
left |
mid |
0.0 |
1.0 |
| direction |
r_arm |
right |
high |
1.5 |
2.5 |
Figure 5: Format of LND
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