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Application of GIS to describe historical urban development of Kharga City, Egypt Methodology Creating base-map and database for Kharga City The base-map has been created as a set of theme map-each one describes different land-use.The base-map consists of a total of 7322 land parcels, each of them has been joined with its attribute record in the database that contains for each parcel, tabular data such as ID-Cod, land-use activity, its area, its perimeter, number of floors, total floor area, construction state, registration number in the governat cadastre, building tax collection method, ownership, construction material, number of people in the building, and the year of construction,…. etc. Experimental Work with ArcView GIS: - To analyse a historical growth of a city using GIS techniques, we use the following procedures: - 
Merging all themes into each other for carrying out the land-use map for the whole of the Kharga City. “Merge themes together” operation in “Geo-processing” tool has been used to merge all land use themes. This operation appends the features of the merged themes into a single theme, the attributes are retained because the attributes of each land use theme have the same names. The output file of this operation is the all land-use theme, which has been named as “Kharga Land Use (KLU)”. Dissolving features of land-use map Construction time of each building is the individual indicator for knowing the historical growth of the city. Therefore, dissolving features of KLU theme based on the “Year of Construction” attribute is the operation used-a Geo-processing tool- to create the Historical Land Use (HLU) theme by carrying out some additional fields in the output tabular data file such as average, sum, minimum, maximum of each field attribute, etc. This theme is presented by the “Graduated Color legend” type, according to the classification of the Construction Year attribute field. The range of construction field has been divided into 10 grades; each grade is presents one decade starting from 1900 to 2000, in addition to two grades presenting the constructed buildings since b.c. and also the under-construction buildings. 
Fig. (2): The historical land use map (HLU) and Kharga land use (KLU) Querying and summarizing data The attributes data of KLU theme has been summarised for the development of Land use areas, and peoples activities shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 respectively. The summarising operation depended on the Count of parcels, Sum-Area, and Sum-People in each land use activity. This operation has been repeated for each decade, selected on the basis of querying operation. Presenting the result as charts, tables, and figures Fig. 1 and 3 have been drawn using Microsoft Excel software with the resultant data of querying and summarising operations in ArcView GIS. Figure 2 has been derived by using ArcView GIS as a layout of achieved maps. 
Fig. (3): Development curve of people’s activities in Kharga City |