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A GIS Based Assessment of Waste Storage System and Identification of Waste Bins


Type of waste in Shops
It was recorded from field survey that 50% shopkeepers throw only packaging material in nearby communal bin and 33% shopkeepers throw the organic waste along with the packaging material in the communal bin.


Table 8: Type of Waste



Handling of Organic waste in Shops
From field survey it was recorded that 66% shopkeepers discard the waste into nearby communal bin and the remaining 33% shopkeepers keep the waste in their shop which will be collected by private sweepers.


Table 9: Organic Waste



Discussion
  • Private sweepers collect the waste stored outside or inside the Houses/shops in their handcarts and dump that waste into the storage bins.
  • Waste is transferred to the storage points by the households/shop keepers themselves.
  • The planning of waste bin allocation is included the segregation of waste in eleven categories; this was done to know the composition as well as usage of nearby communal bin. From analysis it was known that ratio of waste in communal bin and household is random with respect to its composition. The reason is that the wrappers, polythene bags, wood, construction material etc come from both sources i.e. household and nearby commercial area. Whereas on the other hand the recyclable materials like bottles, tetra packs, paper etc are taken away from municipal bins by scavengers of the area. So a single municipal bin is serving both households as well as commercial areas.
  • The organic waste of the hospital is thrown in municipal bin. Whereas the hazardous waste is not thrown in bin but is sent to Shalimar Hospital for incineration as per agreement among the Hospitals.
  • On paper, the frequency of collection is daily except on Sundays, while our survey showed that the all containers remain untouched for days on end. Under the present arrangements, it was observed that a considerable period may elapse between the times when the households discard wastes in Municipal bin and when the bin is lifted for final disposal.
  • Table below depicts the quantity of waste taken from Municipal Bin and the waste collected from the different landuses.There is considerable difference between the amount of waste which is reaching to the nearby Municipal Bin and generated from land use features. So it is clear that waste found in the Municipal Bin is not only from the sampling area but also from the rest of the area.


    Table 10: Difference between quantity of waste from Municipal Bin & Sampling Area

  • According to literature and field survey results 100 meter is the convenient distance of Municipal bin for all users. But as indicated in the figures that there is too much overlapping area between Municipal Bins and the same Bin covering the same area. This is one of the reasons due to which waste quantity is different in Municipal Bins.


    Table 11: Waste generation at proximity of 100 meter Distance



    Figure 8: Area coverage at 100m distance

  • The situation is different when applying buffer of 200 meters. Obviously it covers more area than 100 meter buffer distance but still there is overlapping and some of the area is left out. Secondly the quantity of waste generated from the area which comes under the buffer is also differing from the Municipal Bin waste.


    Table 12: Waste generation at proximity of 200 meter Distance



    Figure 9: Area coverage at 200m distance

  • Out of 5 containers, there were 3 containers of 10 Cubic meter and 2 were of 5 cubic meter capacity. According to the proposed locations there should be a total 7 containers, out of which 6 should have a capacity of 5 cubic meters and should serve the residential area where as 1 container having a capacity of 10 cubic meters should serve the commercial area. All these containers would have the optimum usage. The Containers highlighted below are located in front of houses with respect to their maximum usage but are not appropriate according to the environmental standards as well as from aesthetic point of view. On the other hand such placement will be restricted by the residents.

Figure 10: Optimum usage of Containers placed in study area

CONCLUSION
  • The study area generates 0.804 ton (804.53kg) of solid waste per day.
  • Communal bins in the area are not in good condition and their location is also inappropriate so they must be relocated. The major concern of relocation is the convenience and inconvenience of the users.
  • There was considerable amount of organic waste recorded from households as well as from commercial area. Household organic waste had 57% moisture content, whereas Communal bin near residential area had 70% moisture content and municipal bin near commercial area had 67% moisture content in the municipal solid waste.
RECOMMENDATION
  • There should be segregation of waste at source from households as well as from commercial area. Commercial waste may contain hazardous waste which must be removed from the municipal solid waste stream.
  • On the basis of in depth locational analysis, the following location of waste bins at convenient distance (100m) is proposed which is 70% more efficient than the existing location.


    Table 13: Comparison between existing & proposed situation w.r.t efficiency

  • The present as well as proposed capacity of container is more than required. Waste may therefore be collected after two to three days. However this proposal should be checked against environmental and climatic condition in order not to lead serious health and environmental hazards.

    Figure 11: Proposed Locations of Waste Bins at 100 m distance

References:
  • Hwa, T. J. (2007) Report of the APO Survey on Solid-Waste Management 2004-05 from Solid Waste Management: Issues and Challenges in Asia, Institute of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore,pp. 3- 7.
  • JICA and PEPA, (2005) Guidelines for Solid Waste Management, PEPA, Pakistan, pp. 7- 100.
  • Lee ,G. B. (2007) Report of the APO Survey on Solid Waste Management 2004-05 from Solid Waste Management: Issues and Challenges in Asia, School of Social Sciences Universiti Sains,pp.118-130.
  • World Bank (2007) Solid Waste Management in Punjab. Koica Final Report Draft Part 2, pp. 4-6.


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