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Sodic Land reclamation Monitoring system with Web based GIS as IT Tool
Sunil Kumar Agarwal
Sr. Manager(System), UPBSN
Rakesh Kumar Thakur
Senior Dy Manager (GIS), UPBSN
Sunil Kumar Agarwal
Sr. Manager(System), UPBSN
Rakesh Kumar Thakur
Senior Dy Manager (GIS), UPBSN
Abstract
In this age of Information Technology, there is a need to explore the new technologies for the efficient and timely response for the various problems. One of the important products of the technology is the visualization of the data on the web. This technology is being used in the reorganization of sodic land and monitoring of sodic land reclamation process. Without using internet based GIS as IT tool it is difficult to carryout the project with the objective of sustainable reclamation of sodic lands and prevention of further increase in sodicity in the selected districts of UP.
Web Technology revolutionized Information Technology and its impact on Geographic Information System (GIS) is no exception. Huge volume of data dissemination through Internet made it possible in the development of Internet GIS. Sodic land reclamation process is having a huge database of various activities on the ground that need to be explores with the visualization and then can be utilized at different level for effective monitoring purpose globally.
The approach for reclamation of these sodic lands includes survey for distribution of sodic lands, site selection for reclamation, selection of villages, selection of drains, ground water condition, canals location etc. The manual process is time consuming and liable to incorporate inaccuracy and results in wrong decisions. The GIS tools provide fast and accurate method of integrating spatial and non-spatial information and thus provide better decision support system.
UP Bhumi Sudhar Nigam has adopted a scientific approach and attained success a great in a large chunks of sodic land in UP. In UPBSN GIS is using as scientific and IT tools in conjunction with Remote Sensing data and extensive field MIS database provide most scientific decision support for identification, maintenance, sustainability analysis and internal effective monitoring of the reclamation process.
Introduction
Internet technology revolutionized Information Technology and GIS is not an exception. Nowadays data communication is possible within a matter of seconds. Users can access GIS and perform a query without having GIS system software through World Wide Web. Internet is a global network of networks. GIS users use it as an IT tool to access and transmit remote data, conduct analysis and GIS presentation. GIS technology has been popularized in the last two decades and Internet GIS has got popularity in the last 5 years only. GIS needs a strong database as sodic land reclamation process is having a strong database in their MIS and put their spatial data in GIS.
GIS data can be viewed using Internet explorer or Netscape Navigator or any Internet Browser supported by the PC. Web technology enable the users to access data with almost no cost at client site, hence it is the cheapest solution to provide the information to any user in the world. Using GIS technology, intelligent maps can be published in an open active CGM format. Both Vector and Raster data can be published in this format. Vector data can be sent faster than Raster data because Raster consumes more memory.
GIS will be useful in decision-making at State HQ/District PMU/Village level. The aim of publishing GIS data on Web is to use the data created at village field level can be used at highest administrative level and monitored from any where. The data collected from the village field level is to be fed at PMU computer on daily basis from where the database is be updated automatically through Internet and viewed on GIS based monitoring system.
UP has about 12.9 lac ha. land affected mainly due to water-induced land degradation (salinization, sodification, groundwater depletion) and loss of soil fertility with the sustained removal of nutrients associated with more intensive cropping and excessive use of fertilizers. Bhumi Sudhar Nigam (UPBSN) has undertaken UP Sodic Lands Reclamation Project with the financial assistance from: -
§The World Bank § European Countries
The selected districts are :-
§ Allahabad § Aligarh § Auraiya § Azamgarh § Bulandhshahr § Etah § Etawah § Fatehpur § Hathras § Hardoi § Mainpuri § Pratapgarh §Raebareli § Sultanpur § Jounpur § Kanpur § Unnao
Reclamation Targets
Map server and web client are the two major components of Internet GIS architecture. Map server can be splited into map server and data server. Map server prepares the maps from the spatial database on requests and sends back to client while data server is responsible for tabular data and sends back tabular information to clients. Data server consists of Active Server Pages (ASP), which provides the entire user interfaces required to access the database from the client browser.
Web client consists of two frames namely Main map frame and side information frame. Main map frame makes the entire request for map images and HTML pages while side information frame displays HTML pages in response to the user inputs in the map frame or in information frame. Main map frame is a JAVA applet that displays the map.
Web based MIS with GIS integration
For headquarters, MIS and related packages have been developed in Sybase RDBMS version 11.0.3.3 as backend tool and Power Builder 6.0 in front-end tool and SQL Anywhere 5.0 a multi-user PC based RDBMS is being used in districts.
The scope of the MIS systems involves capturing all physical activities that take place right in the field, from collection of baseline information to reclamation of the sodic land. Some of these activities are: (a) Collection of baseline information of farmers, and (b) Collection of plot-wise baseline information about B+, B or C land categories.
The village level project activities are monitored on the basis of reclamation year areas. The reclamation year is used for identify the list of villages, where the no. of activities during reclamation are going on. The package is designed to automatically generate different subsidies provided to farmers according to the plot area and type of land of each farmer, such as (a) Amendment (Gypsum), (b) Fertilizers (Urea, Zinc etc.), (c) Seed (Paddy etc.). The following are the main activities, which are captured in their MIS database at PMU level:
As today, IT has a very important role in communication and data manipulation in affordable cost, the answer of the question is web based GIS as IT tool that can be used for effective monitoring of the project.
The area of the project is vast and spread over on 17 odd districts. The minimum and maximum distances of the project district from head Quarter are 40 KM to 500 KM and project is covering approx 2600 village where work is in progress. The data is collecting from all project villages as stated above depending on activities schedules and selection year of the villages. These all MIS data collected from the fields are maintained on sophisticated Relational Data Base Management System at PMUs level and integrate with HQ database for monitoring and analysis purpose as required by various departments.
As the web based technology is available in affordable cost in all project areas and thus it can be utilized to integrate all information collected at PMUs computer on web on daily basis and thus database at web would be updated and integrate with digitized map as GIS. This is the base for location wise monitoring as per activities schedules.
At present, all 17 project districts maps are digitized with village boundaries and available on GIS server at HQ. Thus web-based query on the existing data would be possible at the three different levels:
Information flow
The lowest unit of data collection is Plot where actual reclamation process work has to be done. The data at this level is the main resource of other information. The owner of 4 ha. Of sodic land makes a group that is known as Water User Group. This WUG is entitled for one boring either existing or proposed for 100% irrigation. Further these water user groups make village level unit information and then collectively such all villages make a subunit and all subunits represent a Project Manager Unit. Thus the data colleted at all PMUs become state level information. This information flow is using for monitoring purpose at various stages. A flow diagram is shown here to represent the monitoring system of the project.
The main activities are again depending upon selection year of the village. It is illustrated with the help of following figure.
In the same way, web based monitoring system has been developed with the integration of MIS data with digitized map of all project districts. Therefore up to the village level monitoring is possible through web based GIS and data can visualized in district map with the location of villages. Further monitoring of plot level on village is possible on GIS if village level maps would be available on computer.
Conclusion
Thus in UP Sodic Land Development project, GIS technology is using from very beginning of the project with the identification of villages and sodic area with the help of Remote Sensing techniques. Post reclamation monitoring, behavioral changes in Ground Water levels and quality are also doing with the help of GIS. Under the on going U.P. Sodic Land Project, MIS integrated with GIS is available directly from the PMUs to web for monitoring of the project globally.
In this age of Information Technology, there is a need to explore the new technologies for the efficient and timely response for the various problems. One of the important products of the technology is the visualization of the data on the web. This technology is being used in the reorganization of sodic land and monitoring of sodic land reclamation process. Without using internet based GIS as IT tool it is difficult to carryout the project with the objective of sustainable reclamation of sodic lands and prevention of further increase in sodicity in the selected districts of UP.
Web Technology revolutionized Information Technology and its impact on Geographic Information System (GIS) is no exception. Huge volume of data dissemination through Internet made it possible in the development of Internet GIS. Sodic land reclamation process is having a huge database of various activities on the ground that need to be explores with the visualization and then can be utilized at different level for effective monitoring purpose globally.
The approach for reclamation of these sodic lands includes survey for distribution of sodic lands, site selection for reclamation, selection of villages, selection of drains, ground water condition, canals location etc. The manual process is time consuming and liable to incorporate inaccuracy and results in wrong decisions. The GIS tools provide fast and accurate method of integrating spatial and non-spatial information and thus provide better decision support system.
UP Bhumi Sudhar Nigam has adopted a scientific approach and attained success a great in a large chunks of sodic land in UP. In UPBSN GIS is using as scientific and IT tools in conjunction with Remote Sensing data and extensive field MIS database provide most scientific decision support for identification, maintenance, sustainability analysis and internal effective monitoring of the reclamation process.
Introduction
Internet technology revolutionized Information Technology and GIS is not an exception. Nowadays data communication is possible within a matter of seconds. Users can access GIS and perform a query without having GIS system software through World Wide Web. Internet is a global network of networks. GIS users use it as an IT tool to access and transmit remote data, conduct analysis and GIS presentation. GIS technology has been popularized in the last two decades and Internet GIS has got popularity in the last 5 years only. GIS needs a strong database as sodic land reclamation process is having a strong database in their MIS and put their spatial data in GIS.
GIS data can be viewed using Internet explorer or Netscape Navigator or any Internet Browser supported by the PC. Web technology enable the users to access data with almost no cost at client site, hence it is the cheapest solution to provide the information to any user in the world. Using GIS technology, intelligent maps can be published in an open active CGM format. Both Vector and Raster data can be published in this format. Vector data can be sent faster than Raster data because Raster consumes more memory.
GIS will be useful in decision-making at State HQ/District PMU/Village level. The aim of publishing GIS data on Web is to use the data created at village field level can be used at highest administrative level and monitored from any where. The data collected from the village field level is to be fed at PMU computer on daily basis from where the database is be updated automatically through Internet and viewed on GIS based monitoring system.
UP has about 12.9 lac ha. land affected mainly due to water-induced land degradation (salinization, sodification, groundwater depletion) and loss of soil fertility with the sustained removal of nutrients associated with more intensive cropping and excessive use of fertilizers. Bhumi Sudhar Nigam (UPBSN) has undertaken UP Sodic Lands Reclamation Project with the financial assistance from: -
§The World Bank § European Countries
The selected districts are :-
§ Allahabad § Aligarh § Auraiya § Azamgarh § Bulandhshahr § Etah § Etawah § Fatehpur § Hathras § Hardoi § Mainpuri § Pratapgarh §Raebareli § Sultanpur § Jounpur § Kanpur § Unnao
Reclamation Targets
- Initial project (1993-2000) reclaimed area of 68,800 ha. under UPSLR-I P
- The total 28643 ha land reclaimed (1993-2000) under EU Project.
- Follow-up UPSLR-II Project starting from year 1999-2000 has been set out as 1,50,000 ha. and till date area above 1,27,000 ha. have been reclaimed. The project activities are going on in 17 districts of the state, which are characterized by high sodicity/salt concentration, low food grain productivity and deteriorating environmental conditions.
Map server and web client are the two major components of Internet GIS architecture. Map server can be splited into map server and data server. Map server prepares the maps from the spatial database on requests and sends back to client while data server is responsible for tabular data and sends back tabular information to clients. Data server consists of Active Server Pages (ASP), which provides the entire user interfaces required to access the database from the client browser.
Web client consists of two frames namely Main map frame and side information frame. Main map frame makes the entire request for map images and HTML pages while side information frame displays HTML pages in response to the user inputs in the map frame or in information frame. Main map frame is a JAVA applet that displays the map.
Web based MIS with GIS integration
For headquarters, MIS and related packages have been developed in Sybase RDBMS version 11.0.3.3 as backend tool and Power Builder 6.0 in front-end tool and SQL Anywhere 5.0 a multi-user PC based RDBMS is being used in districts.
The scope of the MIS systems involves capturing all physical activities that take place right in the field, from collection of baseline information to reclamation of the sodic land. Some of these activities are: (a) Collection of baseline information of farmers, and (b) Collection of plot-wise baseline information about B+, B or C land categories.
The village level project activities are monitored on the basis of reclamation year areas. The reclamation year is used for identify the list of villages, where the no. of activities during reclamation are going on. The package is designed to automatically generate different subsidies provided to farmers according to the plot area and type of land of each farmer, such as (a) Amendment (Gypsum), (b) Fertilizers (Urea, Zinc etc.), (c) Seed (Paddy etc.). The following are the main activities, which are captured in their MIS database at PMU level:
- Village profile
- PMU villages with district, Tehsil & Block year wise
- Beneficiaries profile
- Land allotment
- New
- Old
- Sodic area selected for reclamation
- WUG & A/c status
- Soil test
- Boring status
- Pump set status
- OFD activities
- Link drain
- Field Drain
- Irrigation Channel
- Leveling
- Bunding
- Gypsum distribution
- Press mud distribution
- Leaching
- Crop
- Horticulture
- Transplantation
- Input Kharif
- Paddy seed
- Paddy Nursery (Urea, DAP, Zinc)
- Paddy Basal (Urea, Zinc)
- Paddy Top (Urea)
- Input Rabi
- Wheat seed
- Wheat Basal (Urea, DAP, MOP, Zinc)
- Wheat Top
- Zaid-I (Dhaincha seed)
- Zaid-II (Dhaincha seed)
- WSHG village wise status
- MSHG village wise status
As today, IT has a very important role in communication and data manipulation in affordable cost, the answer of the question is web based GIS as IT tool that can be used for effective monitoring of the project.
The area of the project is vast and spread over on 17 odd districts. The minimum and maximum distances of the project district from head Quarter are 40 KM to 500 KM and project is covering approx 2600 village where work is in progress. The data is collecting from all project villages as stated above depending on activities schedules and selection year of the villages. These all MIS data collected from the fields are maintained on sophisticated Relational Data Base Management System at PMUs level and integrate with HQ database for monitoring and analysis purpose as required by various departments.
As the web based technology is available in affordable cost in all project areas and thus it can be utilized to integrate all information collected at PMUs computer on web on daily basis and thus database at web would be updated and integrate with digitized map as GIS. This is the base for location wise monitoring as per activities schedules.
At present, all 17 project districts maps are digitized with village boundaries and available on GIS server at HQ. Thus web-based query on the existing data would be possible at the three different levels:
- State level
- District level
- Village level
Information flow
The lowest unit of data collection is Plot where actual reclamation process work has to be done. The data at this level is the main resource of other information. The owner of 4 ha. Of sodic land makes a group that is known as Water User Group. This WUG is entitled for one boring either existing or proposed for 100% irrigation. Further these water user groups make village level unit information and then collectively such all villages make a subunit and all subunits represent a Project Manager Unit. Thus the data colleted at all PMUs become state level information. This information flow is using for monitoring purpose at various stages. A flow diagram is shown here to represent the monitoring system of the project.
The main activities are again depending upon selection year of the village. It is illustrated with the help of following figure.
In the same way, web based monitoring system has been developed with the integration of MIS data with digitized map of all project districts. Therefore up to the village level monitoring is possible through web based GIS and data can visualized in district map with the location of villages. Further monitoring of plot level on village is possible on GIS if village level maps would be available on computer.
Conclusion
Thus in UP Sodic Land Development project, GIS technology is using from very beginning of the project with the identification of villages and sodic area with the help of Remote Sensing techniques. Post reclamation monitoring, behavioral changes in Ground Water levels and quality are also doing with the help of GIS. Under the on going U.P. Sodic Land Project, MIS integrated with GIS is available directly from the PMUs to web for monitoring of the project globally.