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Land Use Pattern mapping using Remote Sensing and GIS in Gangtok area, Sikkim Himalaya, India
Materials and Methods for Land use classification
The Remote Sensing technology along with GIS is a perfect tool to identify, locate and map various types of lands associated with different landform units. IRS 1D LISS-3 bands 2, 3 and 4, imagery year of 2000, Path and Row =107/052, were used for interpretation of land use/land cover and field study. Individual bands as digital data were import into the image processing system and image registration, noise renewal and enhancement were performed. Separately from making observation on the individual bands, FCC was generated using bands 2, 3 and 4 by transmission blue, green and red combination. After that, interpretations were made on the various land use/land cover classes in the study area by supervised classification method. Land use/land cover map thus prepared was digitized into GIS for more analysis, Using ILWIS 3.1 software. Land use/land cover classes were identified as six categories viz., dense forest, open forest, degraded forest, scrub land, agricultural land and settlements.
Conclusion
Land is one of the main natural resources. Land use analysis was performed using topographic maps and satellite images year 2000 have been image processing keen on and than visual interpolation. Results of the study exposed the existence of urbanization that especially the forestlands in and around Gangtok, bounded in Rani Khola and Rora Chu. The collective GIS and Remote Sensing technology is an excellent tool for monitoring, land use changes as well as settlements, agricultures and forest land changes. The total area of land use categories in the study area showing in following table 1.
Table 1: Landuse/landcover category total area in study area
Figure 2: Graph showing Landuse/landcover of Gangtok area
Figure 3: Landuse/landcover map of Gangtok area.
Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to Director, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development and Executive Director, National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi for their support and encouragement to carry out this work. Disaster Management Faculty thankfully acknowledges the Ministry of Home Affairs (Govt. of India) and NIDM for providing financial support. I also thanks to Dr. A. P. Krishna for sharing knowledge and techniques of application of Remote Sensing and GIS.
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