Geospatial Data Analysis for Study of Suspended Sediments in Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir, Singrauli Coalfield, India  Dr. A. K. Samantaray Suptdg. Engineer (Environment) Regional Institute VII Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. OSHB Building, Sachivalaya Marg, Unit-III Bhubaneswar 751001, Orissa, India Tel.: (+91)-(674) 240-2627, 240-4143 Fax: (+91)-(674) 240-8760 Email: abani@rediffmail.com  N. P. Singh Head, Remote Sensing Cell Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. Gondwana Place, Kanke Road Ranchi 834008, Jharkhand, India Tel.: (+91)-(651) 242-2196, Fax: (+91)-(651) 223-0447, 223-1851 Email: singhnp@yahoo.com  T. K. Mukherjee General Manager (Geomatics) Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. Gondwana Place, Kanke Road Ranchi 834008, Jharkhand, India Tel.: (+91)-(651) 223-0041, Fax: (+91)-(651) 223-0447, 223-1851 Email: tuhin_mukherjee@hotmail.com  J. P. Singh Director (Technical/Operation) Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd. Gondwana Place, Kanke Road Ranchi 834008, Jharkhand, India Tel.: (+91)-(651) 223-0020, Fax: (+91)-(651) 223-0447, 223-1851 Introduction Govind Ballabh Pant (GBP) reservoir is a resultant reservoir of Rihand dam, which covers an area of about 450 km2. The dam was constructed in the year 1962 on Rihand River for hydropower generation and is located near Renukut in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. Availability of water in the reservoir and steam-grade coal in the nearby Singrauli coal basin have offered ideal locations adjoining the reservoir for various large scale industries like coal mining projects, thermal power plants, aluminum plant, chemical plant, cement plant, etc. About 7500 MW of electricity is being generated at present by the five thermal power plants located in the area. As a result of industrialization, the physical environment of the region has been subjected to growing interference. This has also lead to progressive shrinkage in the storage capacity of the reservoir. The reservoir being the life line of all industrial activities in the area, a detail study of its suspended sediments and pollution level is very much necessary for efficient reservoir management. Estimation of suspended sediments in GBP reservoir using conventional methods is expensive and time consuming. On the contrary, mapping of these sediments using multi-spectral satellite data in combination with collateral data is time-cost effective. In the present study, comprehensive geospatial data analysis was carried out using IRS-1C satellite data of the year 1998 & 2001 together with collateral data to assess the dispersal pattern of suspended sediments in GBP reservoir and its sources thereto.  Figure-1: PAN sharpened LISS-III FCC of Singrauli Coalfield based on IRS-1C data Study Area The GBP reservoir lies between latitudes 24O0000 & 24O1243 North and longitudes 82O3800 & 83O0000 East. Location map of the reservoir is given in Figure-1. The catchment of the reservoir is about 13,385 km2. The average annual inflow and gross storage capacity of the reservoir is 5138 acrefeet and 8600 acre-feet respectively. The normal full reservoir level is 264 m and average tail water level is 190 m. The regional geology of the study area comprises Precambrian metamorphic represented by quartzite, phyllite & schist and Gondwana Formation represented by shale & sandstone. Data Source In the present study, IRS-IC satellite data (LISS-III, Path-102, Row-55) of the year 1998 & 2001 together with collateral data such as Kaolinite/Illite (K/I) ratio and concentrations of different metals & trace elements in the sediment samples collected from the reservoir (EdF & CdF, 1992) have been used to assess the dispersal pattern of suspended sediments in GBP reservoir as well as the level and source of pollution in it. Relationship between Suspended Sediments & Reflectance In satellite remote sensing, the sensor records electromagnetic (EM) energy, which is reflected, scattered or emitted by the objects on the surface of the earth. Thus, reflectance is a function of the wavelength of incident energy and the physical & chemical properties of any object.
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