Identification and quantification of changes in mangrove forest using Remote Sensing - A case study near Kakinada Bay, Andhra Pradesh, India

Identification and quantification of changes in mangrove forest using Remote Sensing - A case study near Kakinada Bay, Andhra Pradesh, India

2 Methodology, data used, Results and Discussions

2.1 Study Area
The study area is Located near Kakinada of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India.It exists at Latitude:16°23' and Longitude: 82°20' having Mangrove Area: 15,282.0 Ha comprising I.Polavaram, Tallarevu and Katrenikona mandals.

2.2 Main Problems in the study area

Conservation of mangrove areas for agricultural activities and aquaculture.
Exploitation of mangrove resources due to heavy human pressure.
Human activities like clear felling, diversion of fresh water, near shore mining.
Oil and industrial pollution.

2.3 Materials And Methods
As the objective was to study to evolve Remote Sensing parameters for monitoring the mangrove environment and its ecology.For the study area, the temporal satellite imagery data and other collateral data were interpreted and maps depicting changes were prepared.

2.3.1 Data Used:
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite data (photoprints and digital data) was used in the mapping of mangrove environment. Cloud free data and the date of pass are the important factors given priority in the selection of the satellite data. Primarily, false color composites (FCC's) on 1:50,000 and 1:250,000 scale were used. The other products used include digital data and the date of pass is the important factors given priority in the selection of the satellite data.

Map-Id	Path	Row	Subscene	Period	Satellite-Id
65H/14	022	56	L2A2	16March95	IRS-1B
65H/14	022	56	L2A2	07March94	IRS-1B
65L/1	022	56	L2A2	16March95	IRS-1B
65L/1	022	56	L2A2	07March94	IRS-1B
65L/2	022	56	L2A2	16March95	IRS-1B
65L/2	022	56	L2A2	07March94	IRS-1B
65L/5(1)	022	56	L2A2	16March95	IRS-1B
65L/5(1)	022	56	L2A2	07March94	IRS-1B
65L/6	022	56	L2A2	16March95	IRS-1B
65L/6	022	56	L2A2	07March94	IRS-1B

Other reference information consulted during interpretation (visually and digitally) of IRS data.

Forest resource map: Pre-investment survey of forest resources on scale 1:250,000.
Forest vegetation map: Forest survey of India, third edition, based on interpretation of imagery data between 1987- 1990, scale 1:250,000.
Plantation Index map, showing approximate location of plantation areas on 1:250,000 topomap.
Landuse/Landcover details from the field forms of the 1995 field inventory.
Topographical maps: Survey of India.
Existing various thematic maps.
Meteorological data.

2.3.2 Equipment Used:
Remote sensing analysis, though possible without the use of complex equipment, does not yield best results without the use of appropriate equipment. In this study, the visual interpretation was done by delineating the features from FCC on a simple light table for better illumination.The digital image processing like image enhancement was done on work station (DecAlpha) using ERDAS Imagine image processing software.

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