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GIS techniques for carrying capacity study of Damodar River Basin
Soil slope of NBSS was digitised
and slope classes as per NBSS standards assigned to the polygons
Landuse
data of DRB is a major input data for study of land degradation, identification
of hot spots and formulation of ameliorative steps for the region. As DRB is an
area rich in mines and is highly industralised, landuse over the years is
essential for change analysis of forests, mines and built-up areas in the
region, Survey of India 1:250,000 sheets were printed in the early seventiesand
the surveying was possibly done several years before that. As current landuse is
essential for the study of land, satellite imagery was used to determine the
landuse of the region. To facilitate trend analysis, it was decided to create
landuse layers for the current priod, early nineties, early eighties and early
seventies.
IRS data (1997 and 1990) and LANDSAT data (1984) were used to
create classified landuse covers of DRB using image processing techniques. The
raster landuse maps were vectorised and integrated with DRB geographic database.
Landuse layer digitised from SOI 1:250,000 and District Planning series map was
used for early seventies layer of Landuse.
Soil themes for depth,
texture and erosion were created using soil series maps at 1:250,000 scale from
National Bureau of Soil Survey, Soil pH and soil chemical values for nitrogen
(N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) were measured at sampled locations by
CMRI.
Geological quadrangle maps published by Geological Survey of
India, and geology/mineral maps of Bihar and West Bengal were used to create a
geology layer for DRB. The geomorphology map of DRB was created from 1,000,000
scale map published in the Planning Atlas of DRB.
The agro-ecology zones
map of DRB was created from an NBSS publication of agro-ecological sub-regions.
Data about locations of medicinal plants, cultural heritage sites,
tourist spots and elephant migration corridors in DRB was collected by Centre
for Inter-Disciplinary Studies of Mountain &Hill Environment, Delhi
University. This data was geo-referenced and integrated in the geographic
database of DRB.
Water
For water related geographic data of
DRB, thematic layers under the following categorises were created in the
geogrpahic database.
- Waterbodies: rivers, lakes and reservoirs
- Drainage
- Watershed
- Flood Zones
- Rainfall
- Ground Water: Quantity and Quality
- Surface Water Quality
A total of forty watershed areas are found
in DRB Ground water quantity data from Central Ground Water Board was available
block wise: values provided include ground water draft and balance. Ground water
quality data (water hardness, chloride, etc.) was measured at selected well
locations [CMR95, CMR97].
Surface water quality was measured at a number
of locations along the river network DRB [CMR97]. The locations of the
measurement points along the river network were identified and introduced as
point features in the waterbodies theme.
Air
A number
of air quality monitoring stations were set up within DRB by MECON and ISM for
measuring air quality values of SPM, SO2and NOx [CMR97]. Lat/Long values for the
measurement locations were provided by MECON and ISM. Based on these values,
point features with relevant air quality data were added to DRB boundary themes
to create an air quality monitoring station layer for DRB.
Noise
Traffic noise values were measured by CMRI and
ISM at a number locations within DRB [CMR97]. The noise measurement locations
were identified on the road network of DRB.
Socioeconomic
Data For socioeconomic standards data of
DRB, thematic layers under the following categories were created in the
geographic database.
- Demography
- Amenities
- Power Network
- Industries
- Solid Waste
- Quality of Life Index
Demography data from Census tracts of
1991 at urban and rural block levels for population, literacy and population
density were integrated with block maps of DRB.
Data for the following
amenities were integrated with block maps of DRB. For each type of amenity
multiple parameters related to amenity were considered; for example, education
parameters considered include number of primary schools, middle schools,
training schools and other schools in a block.
- Power
- Post & Telegraph
- Communication
- Medical
- Education
- Accessibility
- Water
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