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Advance
Mineral Resources Information System (M.R.I.S v 2.0)
Using
Remote sensing and GIS Inputs
Abhishek Kumar Ayachi
A/C 213 (Asha deep), Aghaya Nagar, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India
Email: bharatayachi@yahoo.com
Abhishek Kumar Ayachi
A/C 213 (Asha deep), Aghaya Nagar, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, India
Email: bharatayachi@yahoo.com
Introduction
The need for natural resources management has widely been recognized as the ever-increasing population leads to pressure on the available resources that exceed the bearing capacity of resources, and leads to their depletion and degradation. Resources degradation through erosion of valuable layer of the earth surface, changes in flow regimes of rivers and other phenomena are frequently worst events faced by the present day world. To date, however, the management of natural resources seems to have had only a limited impact in abating these adverse processes. The lack of adequate information, databases and proper documentation are few of the reasons for its limited impact. It is in relation to this that discussions on information systems to support resource management were initiated.
The role of information system in mineral resources from the perspective of the user is an ardent needs. This approach is thought to be essential, as the use of the information can bring about a sea change in accessing demand and need complex equations of environment around us.
In the present era of information age, new tools and technologies have emerged to collect, store, retrieve and analyze various types of information related to mineral deposits. Commercial GIS packages offer tremendous opportunity in this regard. However, very few attempts have been made so far to utilize their potential to the fullest. Primarily due to the fact that the relevant data is mostly considered as proprietary and lies with different organizations (in public sector and private sector -organized and unorganized) and therefore, considered as responsibility of respective organizations to prepare and maintain such databases. Secondly developing a GIS based mineral resource information system requires a lot of investment in developing GIS infrastructure within the organization. It is also a well-known fact in mining industry that a lot of information is generated at a huge exploration cost and therefore, cannot be shared with other competitors. However, some of the information that exists or being generated can be shared with others without sacrificing the commercial benefits.
Present work is a step in an attempt to develop a Mineral Resources Information System based on generic principal of database management system supported by build-in Digital Image Processing and Geographical Information System capabilities.
Mineral Resource Information System is a database of any mineral deposits. As a case study, iron and manganese ore deposits of Keonjhar and Singhbhum region, Orissa and Jharkhand, and non-metallic deposits of Limestone of Raipur Chhattisgarh, India. MRIS contains all the relevant information on mining activities of the region. Although it is developed based on the concept of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, it runs independent of any commercial GIS, RS and allows data updating, querying and report generation with Digital Image Processing and Geographical Information System capabilities.
Concept
The MRIS concept is derived from basic GIS concept and concept of MERIGOLD (a database on gold deposits of Australia). It aims to provide spatial and non-spatial information on mineral deposits and geological set up of the region.
MRIS is designed such a way that all basic information related to a mineral deposits is accessible on click of a mouse vis-ŕ-vis spatial information layers such as satellite data products and thematic information layers. It is independent of any expensive GIS packages. Most importantly, the non-spatial and spatial data can be edited and saved with latest information and thereby provides opportunity for continuous data updating. M.R.I.S 2.0 provides spatial analysis together with non-spatial database easily in one platform.
Information content
Though the information requirements may vary with change in deposits and information need. But the most common of all are: spatial, non-spatial and contextual. MRIS v 2.0 consists of spatial information like remotely sensed data (Satellite images) and thematic information layers. The satellite data may be raw or processed data product from various sensors such as IRS-LISS-II, Landsat 5-TM, and ERS-1-SAR, IRS 1D Wifs (Figure 1). The thematic information layers comprises of lithology, lineaments, mine location, road network, drainage network, DEM, slope, aspect and location map. Some raster, analysis and editing operations is done by M.R.I.S v 2.0 itself. The non-spatial database is stored in MS Access file and the contextual information is stored in hyper linked MS Word file. The non-spatial database consists of basic information on deposits, year wise, grade wise production, chemical analysis and mining environment (Figure 2). The non-spatial and contextual data can be edited and updated, however the most critical non-spatial database can only be updated with password permission.
Figure. 1 Contents of Spatial Data Layers - Raipur, Chhattisgarh & Keonjhar, Orrisa
Figure. 2 Contents of Non-Spatial Data Layers - Raipur, Chhattisgarh & Keonjhar, Orrisa
Software design and implementation
The MRIS is designed in such a way that its concept can be used for other related fields, where input data is spatial or non spatial or both. In the present context, data related to Keonjhar & Raipur region has been used for demonstrating capabilities and applications of MRIS v 2.0 In the software, the spatial data is displayed in the back ground and non-spatial data is displayed in the fore ground. The information regarding a mine can be obtained through graphics by clicking on the appropriate location using different type of grids, user define coordinates or selecting from the adjacent scroll bar, where all mine names are kept in order. Following are the information content and salient features of the prototype MRIS v 2.0 (Figure 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
Figure. 3
Figure. 4 Different types of menu option in MRIS v 2.0
Figure. 5 Point Data with pass ward option & Grids with zoom tool in MRIS v 2.0
Figure.6 Core Data Base with Different options in MRIS v 2.0
The MRIS can be used for various purposes such as for easy accessibility of geological information, for sharing of geochemical data, in mineral exploration, revenue collection, environmental assessment and management, for mineral customer support Terrain information, Production status and for research and education purposes.
In developmental stage as in the present form, MRIS has various limitations. The database is not complete in many respects due to non-availability of information from mining authorities. The production data is available for only one year where as it should be available for past few years. It does not have a map with lease area boundaries. The satellite data provided also does not cover completely the study area. Apart from this, there could be other limitations that can only be known by extensive use/ validation by actual users.
Conclusion
An information system with spatial and non-spatial information can be developed and can be used by clients without expensive commercial GIS packages. In the present case only for preparing some of the spatial data layers, Standard GIS and DIP packages were used, for data access, display, query and updating of non-spatial data, spatial data layers, MRIS v 2.0 can be used. The system can be packaged and given to users who can update the database and use it as per their needs. Despite limitations being in the developmental stage, MRIS has utility value.
Most importantly, it has highlighted that in the era of software customization, it is essential that some basic component of any information system should be independent of any GIS package, then there should be gradual entry into the GIS system through customized menu system, and finally most experienced users can be exposed to the GIS system as it is, thereby allowing gradual learning of the spatial information system. Secondly for most of the basic usage of any information system, investment in terms of GIS infrastructure and GIS training is not a mandatory.
This goes well with the assumption that almost 80 percent of the users need only 20 percent of the information system, which can be proprietary GIS independent and remaining 20 percent of the users need very advance processing related to 80 percent of the spatial information usage, which definitely requires a GIS system. Thus in every attempt to develop spatial information system, particularly targeting different user groups, it is worthwhile to consider this MRIS philosophy.
Ref Paper
M.R.I.S version 1.0 “A Prototype Mineral Resources Information System”(WWW.gisdevelopment.com/technology/gis/techgi0040a.htm)
Acknowledgement
At the onset of this Project I would like to express my profound gratitude to my Mother, Mrs. Asha Ayachi without whose blessings and support it would not have been possible for me to complete this work
I am thankful to Prof Dr. S.K.Patil Govt Agriculture collage Raipur who provides me spatial data Raipur & their guidance, support, and co-operation
I am thankful to Mr. Prasant Kaveshwer C.C.O.S T for their guidance, support, and co-operation
I am also thankful to Mr Datta Mankar Dy Director, Directate of Mining for their guidance, support, and co-operation
I give spatial thanks to Abhishek Shukla Raipur Chhattisgarh who provides different facilities in Raipur
Thanks are also due to Assistant Prof Mr Pradip Gaur, Dr Rajeev Guhey, Govt. Science Collage Raipur for their valuable suggestions.
At last my sincere thanks goes to all the persons who directly or indirectly helped me during this Project
The need for natural resources management has widely been recognized as the ever-increasing population leads to pressure on the available resources that exceed the bearing capacity of resources, and leads to their depletion and degradation. Resources degradation through erosion of valuable layer of the earth surface, changes in flow regimes of rivers and other phenomena are frequently worst events faced by the present day world. To date, however, the management of natural resources seems to have had only a limited impact in abating these adverse processes. The lack of adequate information, databases and proper documentation are few of the reasons for its limited impact. It is in relation to this that discussions on information systems to support resource management were initiated.
The role of information system in mineral resources from the perspective of the user is an ardent needs. This approach is thought to be essential, as the use of the information can bring about a sea change in accessing demand and need complex equations of environment around us.
In the present era of information age, new tools and technologies have emerged to collect, store, retrieve and analyze various types of information related to mineral deposits. Commercial GIS packages offer tremendous opportunity in this regard. However, very few attempts have been made so far to utilize their potential to the fullest. Primarily due to the fact that the relevant data is mostly considered as proprietary and lies with different organizations (in public sector and private sector -organized and unorganized) and therefore, considered as responsibility of respective organizations to prepare and maintain such databases. Secondly developing a GIS based mineral resource information system requires a lot of investment in developing GIS infrastructure within the organization. It is also a well-known fact in mining industry that a lot of information is generated at a huge exploration cost and therefore, cannot be shared with other competitors. However, some of the information that exists or being generated can be shared with others without sacrificing the commercial benefits.
Present work is a step in an attempt to develop a Mineral Resources Information System based on generic principal of database management system supported by build-in Digital Image Processing and Geographical Information System capabilities.
Mineral Resource Information System is a database of any mineral deposits. As a case study, iron and manganese ore deposits of Keonjhar and Singhbhum region, Orissa and Jharkhand, and non-metallic deposits of Limestone of Raipur Chhattisgarh, India. MRIS contains all the relevant information on mining activities of the region. Although it is developed based on the concept of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems, it runs independent of any commercial GIS, RS and allows data updating, querying and report generation with Digital Image Processing and Geographical Information System capabilities.
Concept
The MRIS concept is derived from basic GIS concept and concept of MERIGOLD (a database on gold deposits of Australia). It aims to provide spatial and non-spatial information on mineral deposits and geological set up of the region.
MRIS is designed such a way that all basic information related to a mineral deposits is accessible on click of a mouse vis-ŕ-vis spatial information layers such as satellite data products and thematic information layers. It is independent of any expensive GIS packages. Most importantly, the non-spatial and spatial data can be edited and saved with latest information and thereby provides opportunity for continuous data updating. M.R.I.S 2.0 provides spatial analysis together with non-spatial database easily in one platform.
Information content
Though the information requirements may vary with change in deposits and information need. But the most common of all are: spatial, non-spatial and contextual. MRIS v 2.0 consists of spatial information like remotely sensed data (Satellite images) and thematic information layers. The satellite data may be raw or processed data product from various sensors such as IRS-LISS-II, Landsat 5-TM, and ERS-1-SAR, IRS 1D Wifs (Figure 1). The thematic information layers comprises of lithology, lineaments, mine location, road network, drainage network, DEM, slope, aspect and location map. Some raster, analysis and editing operations is done by M.R.I.S v 2.0 itself. The non-spatial database is stored in MS Access file and the contextual information is stored in hyper linked MS Word file. The non-spatial database consists of basic information on deposits, year wise, grade wise production, chemical analysis and mining environment (Figure 2). The non-spatial and contextual data can be edited and updated, however the most critical non-spatial database can only be updated with password permission.
Figure. 1 Contents of Spatial Data Layers - Raipur, Chhattisgarh & Keonjhar, Orrisa
Figure. 2 Contents of Non-Spatial Data Layers - Raipur, Chhattisgarh & Keonjhar, Orrisa
Software design and implementation
The MRIS is designed in such a way that its concept can be used for other related fields, where input data is spatial or non spatial or both. In the present context, data related to Keonjhar & Raipur region has been used for demonstrating capabilities and applications of MRIS v 2.0 In the software, the spatial data is displayed in the back ground and non-spatial data is displayed in the fore ground. The information regarding a mine can be obtained through graphics by clicking on the appropriate location using different type of grids, user define coordinates or selecting from the adjacent scroll bar, where all mine names are kept in order. Following are the information content and salient features of the prototype MRIS v 2.0 (Figure 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
Figure. 3
Figure. 4 Different types of menu option in MRIS v 2.0
Figure. 5 Point Data with pass ward option & Grids with zoom tool in MRIS v 2.0
Figure.6 Core Data Base with Different options in MRIS v 2.0
- It provides information on geology, mining, production, chemical analysis of ore and rock sample, and environmental data (air, water, land, Noise).
- User friendly, information available on point click or through pull down menu.
- Linear and polar grid available
- User define Easting Northing for better accuracy
- Multi Purpose Multi window multi resolution zoom tool available which is used for other software also where this tool is not available
- Commercial Remote sensing & GIS software independent, however, it can be linked to ARC GIS 8.1 if available.
- Produces report, various types of line graphs, bar graphs, etc.
- Filter define for core data for quick finding the location of the database
- Database updating possible with password option
- Define Filter convert spatial data in different file format as *.bmp, *.jpeg, *.gif, *.tiff, *.tif etc
- Image processing: different types of enhancement techniques, edge enhancement, linear, non linear stretch etc
- Image processing: user defined contrast ratio, gray scale
- Image processing: defined & user defined filters like high pass, low pass filter etc
- Image information
- Rotation angle
- Shifting flipping etc
- Editing imagery or maps in the form of line point polygon
- Interpolation 2,4 imagery or maps for creating a one
- Analysis by using coordinates for position accuracy
- Slide show for comparative study
- Multi windows for analysis of different bands
- Context help file contains complete geological information in report form, which can be updated in MS WORD with additional information
- Software uses mostly Microsoft resources (Access and Word)
- MRIS is developed using Visual Basic 6.0
- System used: P-III and Windows 2000
- A software package named as "MRIS version 2.0" is developed with all components including database.
- The software can be installed in any Windows NT & 2000 machine and the full capabilities of the software can be utilized.
- System requirement: 167 MB of disk space with 50 MB space for samples, thus total software installation requires 210 MB for full functionality.
The MRIS can be used for various purposes such as for easy accessibility of geological information, for sharing of geochemical data, in mineral exploration, revenue collection, environmental assessment and management, for mineral customer support Terrain information, Production status and for research and education purposes.
In developmental stage as in the present form, MRIS has various limitations. The database is not complete in many respects due to non-availability of information from mining authorities. The production data is available for only one year where as it should be available for past few years. It does not have a map with lease area boundaries. The satellite data provided also does not cover completely the study area. Apart from this, there could be other limitations that can only be known by extensive use/ validation by actual users.
Conclusion
An information system with spatial and non-spatial information can be developed and can be used by clients without expensive commercial GIS packages. In the present case only for preparing some of the spatial data layers, Standard GIS and DIP packages were used, for data access, display, query and updating of non-spatial data, spatial data layers, MRIS v 2.0 can be used. The system can be packaged and given to users who can update the database and use it as per their needs. Despite limitations being in the developmental stage, MRIS has utility value.
Most importantly, it has highlighted that in the era of software customization, it is essential that some basic component of any information system should be independent of any GIS package, then there should be gradual entry into the GIS system through customized menu system, and finally most experienced users can be exposed to the GIS system as it is, thereby allowing gradual learning of the spatial information system. Secondly for most of the basic usage of any information system, investment in terms of GIS infrastructure and GIS training is not a mandatory.
This goes well with the assumption that almost 80 percent of the users need only 20 percent of the information system, which can be proprietary GIS independent and remaining 20 percent of the users need very advance processing related to 80 percent of the spatial information usage, which definitely requires a GIS system. Thus in every attempt to develop spatial information system, particularly targeting different user groups, it is worthwhile to consider this MRIS philosophy.
Ref Paper
M.R.I.S version 1.0 “A Prototype Mineral Resources Information System”(WWW.gisdevelopment.com/technology/gis/techgi0040a.htm)
Acknowledgement
At the onset of this Project I would like to express my profound gratitude to my Mother, Mrs. Asha Ayachi without whose blessings and support it would not have been possible for me to complete this work
I am thankful to Prof Dr. S.K.Patil Govt Agriculture collage Raipur who provides me spatial data Raipur & their guidance, support, and co-operation
I am thankful to Mr. Prasant Kaveshwer C.C.O.S T for their guidance, support, and co-operation
I am also thankful to Mr Datta Mankar Dy Director, Directate of Mining for their guidance, support, and co-operation
I give spatial thanks to Abhishek Shukla Raipur Chhattisgarh who provides different facilities in Raipur
Thanks are also due to Assistant Prof Mr Pradip Gaur, Dr Rajeev Guhey, Govt. Science Collage Raipur for their valuable suggestions.
At last my sincere thanks goes to all the persons who directly or indirectly helped me during this Project