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Demarcation of High Mineralization Zones Identified with Respect to Aquifer Type using GIS in and around Vellar Basin, Tamil Nadu, India
K. D. Madhavan
Consultant (Geomatics)
Email: gis_mad@yahoo.co.uk,
madhavandhanabalan@yahoo.com
1 Introduction
The Mineral and Mineral resources is the gift of god. We need natural resources for all our personal needs and development. The State of Tamil nadu locate in the southern fringe of the Indian Peninsular display divergent physiographic provinces such as hill system of Western Ghats in the west, Eastern Ghats in the centre, easterly sloping low gradient plain again in the centre drained by a number of easterly Following River and the deltas and the coastal systems in the east. Because of such divergent physiographic system, the mineral resources and etc., scenario are very divergent and complex in the state of Tamil nadu, especially velar basin. However the scientist here taken up a number of programmes for targeting mineral and other resources. The art of GIS has been the proven technology in mapping all mineral resources and environmental system and also the temporal changes in mineral resources and environment, both due to various morphotechtonic and morphodynamic process. The phenomenal revolution in computer technology has provided such capabilities. Taking advantage of this technologies and also the need, the union government and state government spending substantial part of money in creating computerized data of spatial and non spatial through government and etc., organization. But, we will not go long way in achieving target yielding beneficial rule in the spare of sustainable development through that technoics with this stimulate.
2. Aims and Objective
Generally, Sedimentary rocks are formed either from the solid debris and dissolved mineral matter produced by the mechanical and chemical breakdown of pre-existing rock or, in some cases, from the remains of dead plants and animals. A sedimentary rock may be described accordingly to the type of environment in which it accumulated. A continental deposit is laid down on land (including lakes, rivers etc) by rivers, ice or wind. An intermediate deposit is laid down in an estuary or delta and a marine deposit represents material accumulation on the seashore, in shallow waters of continental shelf or in the deep ocean.
The sedimentary basins like velar multilayered aquifer system is usually dominated by arenaceious and argillaceous formation. As these sediments are buried to depth, several digenetic reactions occur as a result of increasing temperature and pressure, including dissolution of silica, calcite, and iron and clay material. When water moves from one area to other, groundwater dissolves some of the mineral constituent of the rocks it penetrates. The silica freed in a soluble from during weathering is fairly common in ground water. Sandstone and shale chiefly contain residual minerals cemented usually by calcium carbonate, silica, clay or iron oxide. The principal soluble material in these rocks being calcium carbonate, followed by magnesium carbonate, followed by magnesium carbonate, with some magnesium. In argillaceous sediments the water is usually high in dissolved solids, with sulphite and chloride content in excess of bicarbonates. Groundwater in lithified sediment deposits may vary widely from low dissolved solids content in uplands to very high concentrate of over 100,000ppm in deeply buried marine rock. The detailed study in the above line of through carried out for the higher mineralization polluted pockets in the velar basin, Tamil Nadu.
3. Methodology
The following methodology was adopted in the present study,
- The base map of the study area was prepared using existing Map.
- Using GIS technique, the thematic maps have been prepared.
- Digitizing, Editing & labeling the various thematic maps, Integration and preparation of derived maps using GIS software (Arc/Info)
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