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Land Records Management System in India – Technical Framework
3.0 Issues:
Though many States have digitized their records but it will take time where we can achieve ‘sync’ between data entered and transactions so manual system of issuing of Record of Rights (ROR) is prevalent in most of the States.
- Data entry & verification of legacy data
- Regular updation of the records because of mutations
- Unstructured data
- Language issues
- Land records maintained on paper/ cloth are in a very bad shape
- Duplication on similar media is cumbersome and will result in similar problems of maintenance after a few years.
- Updation to boundaries or title information by manual process is highly time-consuming and any error will get propagated to the village maps.
- Cross verification is required over records for a large period of time to ensure absence of inconsistencies after updation.
- Retrieval for redressal of any dispute is time consuming due to the large bulk of information.
- Every retrieval/use has an associated risk of further physical damage the old records.
- Legal sanctity to computer generated ROR
- Accuracy of maps & different scales of available maps
4.0 IT tools and Technologies
4.1 GIS
GIS is a tool that can be effectively used for better visualization and spatial analysis applications. Maps are a powerful medium for planning, analysis and monitoring. It integrates non-spatial and spatial datasets for query and better display. Cadastral Maps can be used on a day-to-day basis by decision-makers at grass root level. The data of cadastral survey forms the basis for generation of any accurate high-level map.
4.2 Data Warehousing
Information is one of the valuable assets to any Government. When used properly, it can help planners and decision makers in making informed decisions leading to positive impact on targeted group of citizens. An Information Warehouse can deliver strategic intelligence to the decision makers and provide an insight into the overall situation. This greatly facilitates decision-makers in taking micro level decisions in a timely manner. By organizing land-related data into a meaningful Information Warehouse, the Government decision makers can be empowered with a flexible tool that enables them to make informed policy decisions for citizen facilitation and accessing their impact over the intended section of the population. Hence a data warehouse built on land data containing history of property transfer, division of land parcels, yield trends, crop pattern and revenue details can be beneficial to both the Government decision makers and citizens as well in the following manner: As present most of the States have captured their data in computers and copies of Record of Rights are being distributed from computer centers. But need of hour is to have uniform system and storage format for land records maintenance where national Level data warehousing will ensure better micro and macro level planning of land resources .
- Decision makers have to deal with the heterogeneous and sporadic information generated by various state-level computerization projects as they can access current data with a high granularity from the information warehouse.
- Decision maker’s micro-level decisions in a timely manner without the need to depend on their IT staff.
- Decision makers can obtain easily decipherable and comprehensive information without the need to use sophisticated tools.
- Decision makers can perform extensive analysis of stored data to provide answers to the exhaustive queries to the administrative cadre. This helps them to formulate more effective strategies and policies for citizen facilitation
- Citizen is the ultimate beneficiary of the new policies formulated by the decision makers and policy planner's extensive analysis on person and land-related data.
- Citizen can view frequently asked queries whose results will already be there in the database and will be immediately shown to the user saving the time required for processing.
- Citizen can have easy access to the Government policies of the state.
- Citizen’s web access to Information Warehouse enables them to access the public domain data from anywhere.
4.3 Web Based Data dissemination:
The World Wide Web in its present level of development makes it possible to process and disseminate all the land record on the GIS platform along with the attached data. It is so structured that anyone and everyone can interact on the website in a query-based structuring. Even all applications and requests for mutations can be accepted online. The access is provided all around the State through kiosks that are self financed and pay a certain fee to the State for the right to provide the authenticated records. “View free, pay for the signed record” includes free downloading of records. It is for the legal document that the person will have to pay a charge, which would be much less than the informal charge that he has to pay to the revenue official today.
The web-based technology has given great scope for integration and dissemination of map and multi-lingual attribute data. Any one on the Internet can access the information. The data updation, authentication has to be done at server at with proper password protections.
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