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Land Information System for state administration on land in Vietnam Ngo Duc Mau11, Dinh Hong Phong2 1Graduate student Urban Infrastructure Engineering Laboratory Saitama University 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama-ken, Japan 338-8570 Tel. (81)-50-1425-6116 Fax: 81-48-858-9549 E-mail:ndmau@virila.ac.vn 2Vietnam Research Institute of Land Administration Hoang Quoc Viet Rd., Hanoi, Vietnam Abstract The developments of information and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies have become effective tools for natural resources management in over the world. Subsequently, this study developed the LIS for the purpose of managing land information. Employing GIS technology and database programming language, the LIS performs some functions such as, input, output, and management of cadastral map and attribute data, queries analysis both of attribute data and graphic data related to parcel and landowner. The database of this system was developed in consideration to the existing cadastral information to ensure the maximum data transferability between them as well as the information infrastructure in order to appropriate for Vietnam reality. The LIS will promote the ability of application of the information and GIS technologies in land administration. It establishes the synchronous management system on land, which contains so many complex problems in Vietnam. Therefore, it is believed that LIS will be used as the basic for decision making support system in land planning and its concerned issues. The LIS software with the completion database, done by using the database programming language and map library is the final result of this study. It is the completion software for land administration in Vietnam contemporarily. 1. Introduction The fast development of society has been hastening the application of GIS and technology in land administration. As an important facet of nature and society, land is attracting people's attention. Two first points of the favor people appreciations are the policy of government about natural resources management and the application of technologies especially GIS in natural resources administration. Nowadays, GIS and information tech-nologies have become effective tools for natural resources management all over the world. The development of land database model has been studying in many developed countries, such as USA, England, Australia and Sweden. The database model is distributed by using the Entities Relationship Diagram (ERD) or Object - Oriented Data model. But the specific characteristics of land adminis-tration system and its information requirements are very difference in every country, especially between Vietnam and other country. In Vietnam, the development of appli-cation software for land management has been focusing since two last decades of the last century. There were some soft-wares developed to support cadastral mapping and cadastral documentation managing. In 1997, Phong D.H. et al developed the FAMIS and CADDB by using C++ and Visual FoxPro programming language. FAMIS was worked in Micro Station version 5.0 (Intergraph) as the module for cadastral mapping. They were the first applications of information technology and GIS for land management and became an obvious advance in this area. Until now, CIREN has designed and developed a number of software in the field of surveying-mapping and land management. These software are in use at different local provinces and agencies within country. Basically, they satisfied some requirements of land management, such as cadastral mapping and cadastral documentation management. But they still had some technical limitations. It was very difficult to unite the cadastral map data and cadastral documentation data in the synchronous system for queries analysis and did not provide the historical information storage function, which is very important in land management in every country. Development of the LIS software as an independence software is a very important task of Vietnam land administration. It will solve well the dependent on the other software, which costs very much. And it will also suitable for local officer with the habitual process and Vietnamese interface. 2. The state administration on land in Vietnam 2.1 Land, the whole population property In Vietnam, land is the whole population property, uniformly managed by the State. The State shall allocate land to economic organizations, units of the people's armed forces, State institutions, political, social organizations (here-in-after collectively referred to as "organizations"), households and individuals for stable and long-term use. The State may also lease land to organizations, households and individuals. Organizations, households and individuals receiving land allocated or leased by the State are here-in-after collectively referred to as "land users" in the 2003 Vietnam Land Law. 2.2 Land management system in Vietnam Vietnam has a multi level system for land management. The land administration system was found a long time ago and released several times until 2001. It is necessary to release for satisfying the development of society and technology. In 2002, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) was estab-lished by merged and restructured General Department of Land Administration (GDLA) and some other departments in order to become the top organization for natural resources and environment management. It also became the top level of land administration in Vietnam. In general, the structure of land adminis-tration system in Vietnam is the 4 levels system, which can be illustrated in the figure 1, as following:  Fig. 1 Vietnam Land administration system According to Article 13 of Vietnamese Land Law, the state administration on land consists of some tasks such as: Investigation, survey, measure, assessment and classification of land, and drawing of land maps; Zoning of land and planning for its use; Promulgation of rules and regulations for land administration and use, and organization of the implementation of these rules and regulation; Allocation, rental and recovery of land; Land registration, establishing and maintaining land registers, management of land use contracts, recording land statistics and inventories of land, and granting certificates of rights to use land; Inspection to ensure compliance with rules and regulations on land administration and land use; Resolution of land disputes and complaints, and denouncement of breaches of provisions on land administration and land use. From these tasks, there are many distinctive disciplines working inside a land administration department. However these distinctive disciplines are very close to each other. 3. The application of GIS for land management in Vietnam There are many definitions (technical definition, "toolbox" definition, information system definition, science definition, business definition) of what GIS is and most of them have some common parts. All include spatial data, make distinguish from Management Information System and all include link between spatial data and maps. Due to their heritage in cartography or map-making Geographic Information Systems may be viewed as the result of a marriage of Computer Assisted Carto-graphy (CAC) and database technology. Compared to maps, GIS has the inherent advantage that data storage and presentations are separate. Consequently, data may be presented and viewed in various ways. Here is the definition of Environmental Systems Research Institute - ESRI (USA): "A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing things that exist and events that happen on earth. GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps. These abilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies". Since the introduction of GIS in Vietnam in the end of the 80s, GIS have been widely used for effective facility and land resource management. At that time, GIS technology was imported in Vietnam via the projects sponsored by international organizations or developed countries, such as ADB, World Bank or Japan, Australia, Sweden. And then, it was researched in some universities and research institutes in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Since 1994, GIS has been developed strongly after GDLA was established. The trend is towards applying GIS for natural resources management such as map creating; land, forest management; soil analyzing. There are some laboratories, which are directly under the MONRE are developing some applications of GIS for database management in the direction of integrating map data and reference data: GIS-Database Laboratory of Vietnam Research Institute of Land Administration, Center of Information for Natural Resources and Environment and Vietnam FPT. Some universities have GIS training center, including Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, HCMC University of technology. 4. The LIS for state administration on land The definition of LIS of FIG (Féderation Internationale des Géomètres in French): "A Land Information System is a tool for legal, administrative and economic decision-making and an aid for planning and development which consists one the one hand of a database containing spatially referenced land-related data for a defined area, and on the other hand of procedures and techniques for the systematic collection, updating, processing and distribution of the data. The base of a land information system is a uniform spatial referencing system for the data in the system, which also facilitates the linking of data within the system with other land related data" Land Information System will be one of most important systems to support administration on land. The management objects of this system are parcels and land owners. All of queries, analysis will be based on these objects. The concept of LIS design for state administration in Vietnam is based on the procedure of land management established by MONRE. 4.1 Content of land information system A LIS for state administration on land will consist of the following components:
The content of land database at the provincial level dependences on:
 Fig. 2 Land database content
The designing tool was used for LIS database is the software for object oriented designing, such as Microsoft Visio 2000.
4.3 Land information standardization It is very important for standardizing information for LIS because it is distributed database. Standardizing makes the unification for information storing, updating, and searching in whole country. The content of standardizing includes:
4.4 Engineering infrastructure for LIS The engineering infrastructure for LIS is a system of devices makes sure that the LIS will be uninterrupted operated. They consist of 3 issues:
 Fig. 3 The network overall system 5.1 Technical selection The land information database was designed based on the two basic technolo-gies. The first is GIS technology for spatial database management and another one is relational database management. They were integrated to build a united database system. While the relation-ship database was mentioned in the last of part 4.2, the spatial database management technology was selected is the ArcGIS technology, provided by ESRI. The programming language was selected for this software is Visual Basic version 6.0 or Visual Studio .NET. The MapObjects library was selected for cadastral map manipulation. MapObjects is a collection of embeddable mapping and GIS components including an Active X Control (OCX) and programmable Active X Automation objects. Use Map-Objects with a variety of standard of Windows development environments to build mapping applications or add mapping components into existing applications. 5.2 LIS software, the final result The LIS software is a complete system, which consists of some modules including:
These above modules run on a complete database, they may be operated by different groups. It may include:
 Fig. 4-a The first logon interface  Fig. 4-b Land use generation function  Fig. 4-c Integration operation on map and attribute information  Fig. 4-d Land registration  Fig. 4-e LUT allocation  Fig. 4-g Land change registration  Fig. 4-h Historic information management  Fig. 4-i Land planning support  Fig. 4-j Land planning support (overlay) 6. Conclusion The role and important of GIS and infor-mation technology to natural resources ma-nagement cannot be ignored. This study only highlights a few uses that may be employed to land management. As presented above, the LIS software system is the final result of this study. It provides a relatively solution and overall for land administration at every levels. It is a solution for hastening the computerizing for land management in Vietnam. It creates the synchronization in data, procedure and professional skill of officer in every department. It has been applying widely in localities across the country and it is also appraised as the most complete system and satisfying the requirements of state administration on land in Vietnam. References
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