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Social GIS for NCT of Delhi - Workers & Non-workers Analysis by Sex and Residence based on 2001 Census Data
Dr. Subhan Khan
Scientist 'F'
Tel: +91- 011-25751758, Fax: +91- 011-25822382
E-mail: subhankhan1@yahoo.com
Gulshan
E-mail: gul_75@rediffmail.com
Deepak Goel
E-mail: deepakgo@rediffmail.com
National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS)
Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, Pusa Gate, New Delhi - 110 012
Phone: - 011-5751758
Fax: 011- 5822382
Abstract
With the rapidly expending field of GIS, potential for the development of sophisticated socio-economic information systems and geo-demographic applications is the need of our. In Social GIS, the genuine problems related to data confidentiality like in natural resources and geographical locations of certain amenities/facilities is not that serious?
The inter-district spatial analysis of socio-demographic aspects in NCT of Delhi based on 2001 census data using Geographic Information System (GIS) – which allows spatially referenced information to be analsized and displayed as an important field of study.
The present case study area situated between the Himalayas and the Aravali ranges in the heart of the sub-continent and lies approximately between geo-coordinates of 76º 50' to 77º 21' E longitude and 28º 25' to 28º 53' N latitude, encompasses a total geographical area of about 1,483 sq. km. The boundaries of this region are surrounded by the state of Haryana on the north, west & south and by U.P. on the east separated by river Yamuna flowing in a north south direction.
In this paper district-wise distribution of workers and non-workers in respect of NCT Delhi by percentage a decadal (1991-2001) position of total workers, main workers, marginal workers and non-workers of total population by residence and sex and ranking of districts in dealt presented in maps. It is expected that such GIS exercise would be useful to a large section of people, government departments, non-governmental organizations, planners, policy makers , researchers and others.
Introduction
Delhi, the eighth city presently known as New Delhi was built after the British empire shifted India's Capital here from Kolkata. It is a sprawling metropolis and is treated among the India's fastest growing cities. The problem of rapid urbanization in Delhi is more complex because of spontaneous settlements on account of huge migration of people from rural areas of near by states in search of jobs and livelihood beside it's on rapid population growth. Consequently, the urban development is resulting in major infrastructure bottlenecks and environmental degradation. Problems such as water shortage, vehicular congestion, power brake downs and increasing pollution of various kinds beside social problems like position of different kind of workers are becoming alarming. Such conditions have contributed to deterioration in urban living conditions environmentally, socially and otherwise. The existing trend of urban growth and development in Delhi, if seen particularly in the context of India Vision 2020, points towards grime picture. To understand the complexity of the problem, one has to concentrate on need of social GIS for National Capital Region (NCT), Delhi. For this authentic statistical data on social aspects is required which is vital for all kinds of developmental decision-making. Similarly social resource accounting is needed to have an idea how social policies are affecting the current development trends. Often these issues ignore expenditure to promote the social development. Therefore, collection/collation, integration, mapping of data on social aspects is important to determine the status and to develop a concise set of social indicators for monitoring the effects of development and provide other related information. Further more, access of such information to the public is essential so that everyone interested can know what is happening to the social aspects and what are the factors contributing to it. The remedial measures to improve the social conditions can also be taken more successfully, if a compressive statistical database with due content of social data is available for the NCT Delhi.
The Master Plan for Delhi Perspective 2001 rightly described Delhi as the focus of socio-economic and political life of India and a symbol of ancient values and present aspirations. It is a capital of largest democracy and assuming increasing eminence among the great cities of the world etc. For the planed development of the city Delhi Development Act was enacted in 1957 and the Master Plan for Delhi (1962) was the first exercise in comprehensive planning. The plan was modified and entitled as 'Master Plan for Delhi Perspective 2001 (MPD 2001)'. It has been the frame for guiding developments since then. Preparation of meaningful and effective development plans requires variety of information including social and physical data derived from up-to-date records and maps. The preparation of such database and maps on required scales is, however, a gigantic task. The problem of keeping such database and maps up-to-date is an additional dimension because of the fact that in metropolitan cities like Delhi, urbanization is taking place at a rapid pace. Unfortunately, no single agency has all shorts of data and maps from where any user can access these easily for his/her requirements. In this situation of great influx, meeting data and mapping requirements have become more important. The existing survey and mapping practices have remained almost aloof from modern spatial techniques that are too for social aspects. In India as a whole, whatever modernization in survey and mapping techniques has been taken place, it has remained confined to the big national mapping and data collection organizations like Survey of India and Census of India, thus the benefits of such modernization have not adequately percolated to lower level planning departments. Secondly, such information is not readily and easily available because of organizational mandate and methods of data collection, map preparation and storage. All the downstream organizations, therefore, look forward to and depend on the national mapping and data collection organizations for their data and mapping requirements. The result is that most of the information generated at various levels could not be utilized efficiently. Further, there is a need to develop a methodology for integrating various data sources particularly on social aspects and in a spatial domain for using these more effectively in planning and monitoring. In this paper, an attempt is made to under take an application of social GIS w.r.t NCT Delhi.
The first concern of most of the past studies remains largely on the present and future impact of population growth. This requires collection/collation of base level and time series data on a number of indicators including population, sex ratio, literacy, and different kind of rural and urban workers distribution. Such data would provide a description of the present scene and allow for projections into the near future. Besides, analysis of the existing socio-economic data to ascertain impact of the changes as depicted is to be anticipated. Additional data may also be collected for identification and evaluation of existing and emerging technologies for sustainable urban living depending upon the requirement of the user.
Results: Analysis of Demographic Data
One of the important uses of a social GIS is to provide a database in spatial mode for public policy and planning in socio-economic fields. It helps in analysis of data to know the factual position of the population growth, it's composition, trend and thus provide a base for socio-economic development planning. Therefore, in this paper, such an attempt is made for NCT Delhi based on the Delhi's Provisional Population Totals of census 2001.
Delhi's population was 4.05 lakhs at the beginning of 20th century and as per Provisional Population Totals 2001 it rose to 1378 lakhs. It is interesting to note that being the capital of India, Delhi has always being depicting growth rate above the all India growth rate as it is attracting a large number of immigrants from nearby states. It accounts for 1.34 percent of the total population of the country and occupies 18th rank amongst all the states and union territories. Delhi was a uni-district in 1991 census and has been divided into nine districts in 2001 census. Therefore the data in the present paper is given for all the nine districts. Population data basically derived from the national organization namely Census of India. It conducts the survey for the entire population of the nation after every decade. Since the publication of the final figures take time, it provides provisional data through it's occasional papers based on the quick tabulation of the totals compile for the use of planners and policy makers etc. The data used in present papers is basically based on Provisional Population Totals published in form of paper 1 of 2001, paper 2 of 2001 and paper 3 of 2001. Table 1 given below indicate the district-wise and sex-wise distribution of population, percentage to total state population and their rank as per 2001 census in NCT Delhi.
| S. NO | Name of District | Population | State Population | |||
| Persons | Males | Females | %age | Rank | ||
| 1 | North-West | 2,847,395 | 1,564,301 | 1,283,094 | 20.66 | 1 |
| 2 | South | 2,258,367 | 1,256,402 | 1,001,965 | 16.38 | 2 |
| 3 | West | 2,119,641 | 1,158,274 | 961,366 | 15.38 | 3 |
| 4 | North-East | 1,763,712 | 953,075 | 810,637 | 12.80 | 4 |
| 5 | South-West | 1,749,492 | 980,994 | 768,498 | 12.69 | 5 |
| 6 | East | 1,448,770 | 785,440 | 663,330 | 10.51 | 6 |
| 7 | North | 779,788 | 427.022 | 352,766 | 5.66 | 7 |
| 8 | Central | 644,005 | 349,475 | 294,530 | 4.67 | 8 |
| 9 | New Delhi | 171,806 | 95,907 | 75,892 | 1.25 | 9 |
| 10 | NCT Delhi State | 13,782,976 | 7,570,890 | 6,212,086 | 100 | - |
It may be noted from Table 1 that North-West district with 2.85 million populations constitutes 20.66% of Delhi and thus occupies the first position. The South district occupies the second position with 16.38% population of the total population of Delhi. The New Delhi district with 1.72 million populations shares only 1.25% of Delhi's population and thus is placed at the lowest rung of the ladder as far as ranking of districts by population size is concerned. The pie chart (Figure 1) given below also depicts the district-wise %age to total state population as per 2001 census in NCT Delhi.
| S. NO | Name of District | Area of District | Sex Ratio | Population Density | PercentageDecadal Population Growth (1991-2001) | |||
| Area* (km2) | %age share in State | No. of Females per thousand Males | Rank | Population Density(per sq. k.m.) | Rank | |||
| 1 | North-West | 440.00 | 29.66 | 820 | 6 | 6,471 | 7 | +60.12 |
| 2 | South | 250.00 | 16.86 | 797 | 7 | 9,033 | 6 | +50.27 |
| 3 | West | 129.00 | 8.70 | 830 | 4 | 16,431 | 4 | +47.81 |
| 4 | North-East | 60.00 | 4.05 | 851 | 1 | 29,395 | 1 | +62.52 |
| 5 | South-West | 420.00 | 28.32 | 783 | 9 | 4,165 | 9 | +61.29 |
| 6 | East | 64.00 | 4.31 | 845 | 2 | 22,637 | 3 | +41.61 |
| 7 | North | 60.00 | 4.05 | 826 | 5 | 12,996 | 5 | +13.30 |
| 8 | Central | 25.00 | 1.68 | 843 | 3 | 25,760 | 2 | -1.91 |
| 9 | New Delhi | 35.00 | 2.36 | 791 | 8 | 4,909 | 8 | +2.47 |
| 10 | NCT Delhi State | 1483.00 | 100.00 | 821 | - | 9,294 | - | +46.31 |
Note: Since in 1991 Census, there was only one district in Delhi and in 2001, Census it has nine districts, hence 1991, data is derived by recasting the data of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of all the nine districts.
* The area figures are as per survey of India. Dehradun
Table 2 given above indicate the district-wise distribution of area and their percentage share in state, sex ratio and rank, population density and rank as per 2001 census and percentage decadal population growth (1991-2001) in NCT Delhi. In the area North -West district occupy the largest portion i.e. 440 sq. k.m. and having the 29.66% share of total NCT area, while the Central district having the smallest area i.e. only 25 sq. k.m. constituting the 1.68% share of total NCT area. Sex ratio presented in terms of number of females per thousand males is an important demographic indicator and therefore it's analysis was undertaken. It may be noted from this table that the highest sex ratio is recorded in North -East district i.e. 851 where as it is the lowest i.e. 783 in South -West district. The sex ratio of Delhi as a whole has been recorded 821 in 2001 census. It may therefore be noted that five districts namely North district (826), North -East district (851), East district (845), Central district (843), West district (830) had sex ratio above the NCT sex ratio as a whole and remaining four districts namely North-West district (820), New Delhi district (791), South-West district (783) and South district (797) have sex ratio below the NCT sex ratio as a whole. Similarly, population density is also one of the important indices of population consternation-defined as the number of persons living per square kilometre. The density of population for NCT Delhi works out at 9294 persons per sq. k.m. It may be noted from the table that the highest density of population is recorded in North-East district i.e. 29,395. The South-West district has the lowest population density i.e. 4,165. As far percentage decadal population growth (1991-2001) is concerned, Delhi's population has recorded 46.31% as against the national population growth i.e. 21.34% for the same period. The district-wise distribution of percentage decadal population growth (1991-2001) in NCT Delhi is also given in following graph (Figure 2).
Table 3 given above provides data on district-wise and sex-wise distribution of population in the age group 0-6 years, number of literates and literacy rate as per 2001 census in NCT Delhi. Since literacy is an important demographic aspect, therefore detailed information is provided in the table 3 and bar chart given along it. It may be recalled that for census 2001, a person is deemed as literate if he/she can read and write with understanding in any languages, however, a person who can merely read but can not write is not treated as literate and the entire population in age group 0-6 years is excluded from the total population for this aspect.
| S.NO | Name of District | 0-6 Years | No. of Literates* | Literacy Rate | ||||||
| Persons | Males | Females | Persons | Males | Females | Persons | Males | Females | ||
| 1 | North-West | 415,665 | 224,193 | 191,472 | 1964,530 | 1,164,412 | 800,118 | 80.79 | 86.89 | 73.30 |
| 2 | South | 323,674 | 171,599 | 152,075 | 1,597,528 | 962,538 | 634,990 | 82.57 | 88.73 | 74.71 |
| 3 | West | 268,124 | 144,283 | 123,841 | 1,541,181 | 889,017 | 652,164 | 83.24 | 87.68 | 77.87 |
| 4 | North-East | 285,044 | 152,692 | 132,352 | 1,151,115 | 676,510 | 474,605 | 77.85 | 84.52 | 69.97 |
| 5 | South-West | 242,061 | 131,220 | 110,841 | 1,260,651 | 760,811 | 499,840 | 83.63 | 89.93 | 76.00 |
| 6 | East | 197,574 | 105,742 | 91,832 | 1,064,725 | 611,083 | 453,642 | 85.10 | 89.91 | 79.38 |
| 7 | North | 95,869 | 51,278 | 44,591 | 546,302 | 317,627 | 228,675 | 79.88 | 84.53 | 74.20 |
| 8 | Central | 76,116 | 40,019 | 36,097 | 451,606 | 255,453 | 196,153 | 79.52 | 82.50 | 75.90 |
| 9 | New Delhi | 19,868 | 10,558 | 9,310 | 125,411 | 75,706 | 49,705 | 82.54 | 88.70 | 74.64 |
| 10 | NCT DELHI STATE | 1,923,995 | 1,031,584 | 892,411 | 9,703,049 | 5,713,157 | 3,989,892 | 81.82 | 87.37 | 75.00 |
* Literates exclude children in the age-group 0-6 years who were, by definition, treated as Illiterates in the Census of India 2001.
Literacy rate in Delhi was 81.82% at the time of 2001 census and Delhi stands 5th position in India in terms of literacy. The highest literacy rate i.e. 85.10% has been recoded in East district followed by South-West district (83.63%), West district (83.24%), South district (82.57%) and New Delhi district (82.54%). These districts recorded the higher literacy rate than literacy rate i.e. 81.82% of over all NCT Delhi. The North-East district had the lowest literacy rate i.e. 77.85%. The other districts i.e. Central district (79.52%), North district (79.88%) and North-West district (80.79%) also recorded lower literacy rate than literacy rate of over all NCT Delhi. In case of males the South-West district recorded the highest male literacy rate i.e. 89.93% followed by East district (89.91%), South district (88.73%), New Delhi district (88.70%) and West district (87.68%). All these districts have recorded higher male literacy rate then over all male literacy rate i.e. 87.37% in NCT Delhi. The Central district has lowest male literacy rate i.e. 82.50%. The other districts namely North-East district (84.52%), North district (84.53%) and North-West district (86.89%) were also having lower male literacy rate as compare to over all male literacy rate i.e. 87.37% in NCT Delhi. In case of females, the East district recorded the highest female literacy rate i.e. 79.38% followed by West district (77.87%), South-West district (76.00%) and Central district (75.90%). All these districts have recorded higher female literacy rate then over all female literacy rate i.e. 75.00% in NCT Delhi. The North-East district has lowest female literacy rate i.e. 69.97%. The other districts namely North-West district (73.30%), North district (74.20%), New Delhi district (74.64%) and South district (74.71%) were also having lower female literacy rate as compare to over all female literacy rate i.e. 75.00% in NCT Delhi. The district-wise distribution of literacy rate is also depicted in bar chart (Figure 3) given below:
Tables 4 to 7 given above provide the data about the workers and non-workers in NCT Delhi. In 2001 census the main worker was defined as the person who have worked six months and more while the marginal worker was a person who have worked less than six months and a person who did not work at all was treated as non-worker.
| S. No. | Name of District | Total Workers | Main Workers | ||||
| Persons | Males | Females | Persons | Males | Females | ||
| 1 | North-West | 31.38 | 48.31 | 10.46 | 28.01 | 44.48 | 7.65 |
| 2 | South | 33.22 | 52.27 | 8.69 | 31.73 | 50.17 | 8.00 |
| 3 | West | 33.76 | 53.11 | 8.40 | 31.35 | 50.11 | 6.78 |
| 4 | North-East | 28.53 | 47.69 | 6.00 | 26.55 | 45.38 | 4.40 |
| 5 | South-West | 32.93 | 48.64 | 14.00 | 28.36 | 43.76 | 9.81 |
| 6 | East | 40.39 | 58.02 | 18.58 | 39.39 | 56.88 | 17.76 |
| 7 | North | 30.22 | 48.72 | 7.44 | 28.18 | 46.12 | 6.07 |
| 8 | Central | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 9 | New Delhi | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | NCT Delhi State | 32.00 | 49.71 | 10.12 | 29.11 | 46.38 | 7.77 |
Table 5: District-wise and Sex-wise Percentage of Urban Total Workers & Main Workers to Total Population as per 2001 Census in NCT Delhi
| S. No. | Name of District | Total Workers | Main Workers | ||||
| Persons | Males | Females | Persons | Males | Females | ||
| 1 | North-West | 32.19 | 51.62 | 8.54 | 30.72 | 49.69 | 7.64 |
| 2 | South | 34.42 | 53.30 | 10.87 | 32.69 | 50.89 | 9.98 |
| 3 | West | 33.85 | 53.22 | 10.60 | 32.31 | 51.11 | 9.74 |
| 4 | North-East | 28.28 | 47.91 | 5.19 | 26.67 | 45.73 | 4.25 |
| 5 | South-West | 34.52 | 53.73 | 9.82 | 33.09 | 51.82 | 9.02 |
| 6 | East | 32.35 | 52.19 | 8.87 | 31.07 | 50.43 | 8.17 |
| 7 | North | 33.00 | 53.74 | 7.94 | 31.56 | 51.83 | 7.06 |
| 8 | Central | 34.60 | 56.13 | 9.07 | 33.04 | 54.04 | 8.14 |
| 9 | New Delhi | 37.64 | 55.12 | 15.54 | 35.88 | 52.61 | 14.73 |
| 10 | NCT Delhi State | 32.86 | 52.40 | 9.08 | 31.34 | 50.34 | 8.22 |
Table 6: District-wise and Sex-wise Percentage of Rural Marginal Workers & Non-Workers to Total Population as per 2001 Census in NCT Delhi
| S. No. | Name of District | Marginal Workers | Non-Workers | ||||
| Persons | Males | Females | Persons | Males | Females | ||
| 1 | North-West | 3.37 | 3.83 | 2.81 | 68.62 | 51.69 | 89.54 |
| 2 | South | 1.49 | 2.10 | 0.69 | 66.78 | 47.73 | 91.31 |
| 3 | West | 2.41 | 3.00 | 1.62 | 66.24 | 46.89 | 91.60 |
| 4 | North-East | 1.98 | 2.31 | 1.60 | 71.47 | 52.31 | 94.00 |
| 5 | South-West | 4.57 | 4.88 | 4.19 | 67.07 | 51.36 | 86.00 |
| 6 | East | 1.00 | 1.14 | 0.82 | 59.61 | 41.98 | 81.42 |
| 7 | North | 2.04 | 2.60 | 1.37 | 69.78 | 51.28 | 92.56 |
| 8 | Central | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 9 | New Delhi | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | NCT Delhi State | 2.89 | 3.33 | 2.35 | 68.00 | 50.29 | 89.88 |
Table 7: District-wise and Sex-wise Percentage of Urban Marginal Workers & Non-Workers to Total Population as per 2001 Census in NCT Delhi
| S. No. | Name of District | Marginal Workers | Non-Workers | ||||
| Persons | Males | Females | Persons | Males | Females | ||
| 1 | North-West | 1.47 | 1.93 | 0.90 | 67.81 | 48.38 | 91.46 |
| 2 | South | 1.73 | 2.41 | 0.89 | 65.58 | 46.70 | 89.13 |
| 3 | West | 1.54 | 2.11 | 0.86 | 66.15 | 46.78 | 89.40 |
| 4 | North-East | 1.61 | 2.18 | 0.94 | 71.72 | 52.09 | 94.81 |
| 5 | South-West | 1.43 | 1.91 | 0.80 | 65.48 | 46.27 | 90.18 |
| 6 | East | 1.28 | 1.76 | 0.70 | 67.65 | 47.81 | 91.13 |
| 7 | North | 1.44 | 1.91 | 0.88 | 67.00 | 46.26 | 92.06 |
| 8 | Central | 1.56 | 2.09 | 0.93 | 65.40 | 43.87 | 90.93 |
| 9 | New Delhi | 1.76 | 2.51 | 0.81 | 62.36 | 44.88 | 84.46 |
| 10 | NCT Delhi State | 1.52 | 2.06 | 0.86 | 67.14 | 47.60 | 90.92 |
Table 4 above provided data on district-wise and sex-wise percentage of rural total workers and main workers to total population as per 2001 census in NCT Delhi, while Table 5 provided the same set of data for urban areas. Similarly data for marginal workers and non-workers for rural and urban areas is given in Tables 6 & 7, respectively. In this way data related to workers and non-workers and distribution of workers in four broad categories have been provided.
| S. No. | Name of District | Work Participation Rate | |||||
| Persons | Rank | Males | Rank | Females | Rank | ||
| 1 | North-West | 32.11 | 8 | 51.31 | 8 | 8.72 | 7 |
| 2 | South | 34.32 | 3 | 53.22 | 4 | 10.69 | 2 |
| 3 | West | 33.85 | 5 | 53.22 | 5 | 10.51 | 3 |
| 4 | North-East | 28.30 | 9 | 47.90 | 9 | 5.25 | 9 |
| 5 | South-West | 34.32 | 4 | 53.09 | 6 | 10.37 | 4 |
| 6 | East | 32.45 | 7 | 52.27 | 7 | 8.99 | 6 |
| 7 | North | 32.84 | 6 | 53.44 | 3 | 7.91 | 8 |
| 8 | Central | 34.60 | 2 | 56.13 | 1 | 9.07 | 5 |
| New Delhi | 37.64 | 1 | 55.12 | 2 | 15.54 | 1 | |
In Table 8 above, district-wise and sex-wise work participation rate and their rank as per 2001 census in NCT Delhi is given. It may be noted from the table that the proportion of total workers to total population is highest in New Delhi district i.e. 37.64% followed by Central district (34.60%), South district & South-West district (34.32% each), West district (33.85%) and North district (32.84%). All these districts having the work participation rate higher than the work participation rate i.e. 32.80% of over all NCT Delhi. The work participation rate is lowest in North-East district i.e. 28.30%. The other districts namely North-West district (32.11%) and East district (32.45%) having the lower work participation rate than the over all work participation rate i.e. 32.80% in NCT Delhi. In case of male workers the Central district stood highest (56.13%) and North-East district is lowest (47.90%). In case of female, New Delhi district (15.54%) ranked top and North-East district (5.25%) is lowest. In case of non-workers, North-East district ranked first (71.70%) and New Delhi district the last (62.36%). Map 2 shows the district-wise work participation rate concentration as per 2001 census of NCT Delhi.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Social GIS is vital for socio-economic development planning and monitoring. The application of GIS in natural resources is increasingly used while in social sector it's applications are yet to be given more thrust. One of the great advantages in social GIS is that the genuine problems like data confidentiality in natural resources as well as about certain geographical locations are not that serious. However, the existing survey and mapping practices in the country have remained almost aloof from modern spatial techniques that are too for social aspects. In India as a whole, whatever modernization in survey and mapping techniques has been taken place, it has remained confined to the big national mapping and data collection organizations like Survey of India and Census of India, thus the benefits of such modernization have not adequately percolated to lower level planning departments. Secondly, such information is not readily and easily available because of organizational mandate and methods of data collection, map preparation and storage. All the downstream organizations, therefore, look forward to and depend on the national mapping and data collection organizations for their data and mapping requirements. The result is that most of the information generated at various levels could not be utilized efficiently. The present paper lay emphasis on geo demographic applications w.r.t. NCT Delhi that is too particularly focusing on workers and non-workers analysis by sex and residence based on 2001 census data.
It was observed that the North-West district has 2.85 million populations and constitutes 20.66% of Delhi and thus occupies the first position and the New Delhi district with 1.72 million populations shares only 1.25% of Delhi's population and thus is placed at the lowest rung of the ladder as far as ranking of districts by population size is concerned. In the area North -West district occupy the largest portion i.e. 440 sq. k.m. and having the 29.66% share of total NCT area, while the Central district having the smallest area i.e. only 25 sq. k.m. constituting the 1.68% share of total NCT area. The highest sex ratio is recorded in North -East district i.e. 851 where as it is the lowest i.e. 783 in South -West district. The sex ratio of Delhi as a whole has been recorded 821 in 2001 census. The density of population for NCT Delhi works out at 9,294 persons per sq. k.m. It was observed that the highest density of population is recorded in North-East district i.e. 29,395. The South-West district has the lowest population density i.e. 4,165. As far percentage decadal population growth (1991-2001) is concerned, Delhi's population has recorded 46.31% as against the national population growth i.e. 21.34% for the same period.
Literacy rate in Delhi was 81.82% at the time of 2001 census and Delhi stands 5th position in India in terms of literacy. The five districts including the East district which has highest literacy rate i.e. 85.10% and other four districts namely South-West, West, South and New Delhi recorded the higher literacy rate than literacy rate i.e. 81.82% of over all NCT Delhi while rest four districts including the North-East district which had the lowest literacy rate i.e. 77.85%, recorded the lower literacy rate than literacy rate of over all NCT Delhi. In case of males the South-West district recorded the highest male literacy rate i.e. 89.93% and the Central district has lowest male literacy rate i.e. 82.50%. In case of females, the East district recorded the highest female literacy rate i.e. 79.38% and the North-East district has lowest female literacy rate i.e. 69.97%.
The data about the four broad categories of workers i.e. total workers, main workers, marginal workers and non-workers in NCT Delhi given in 2001 census has been analyzed. The proportion of total workers to total population is highest in New Delhi district i.e. 37.64% which with other districts namely Central, South, South-West, West and North districts having the work participation rate higher than the work participation rate i.e. 32.80% of over all NCT Delhi. The work participation rate is lowest in North-East district i.e. 28.30%. The other districts namely North-West district (32.11%) and East district (32.45%) having the lower work participation rate than the over all work participation rate i.e. 32.80% in NCT Delhi. In case of male workers the Central district stood highest (56.13%) and North-East district is lowest (47.90%). In case of female, New Delhi district (15.54%) ranked top and North-East district (5.25%) is lowest. In case of non-workers, North-East district ranked first (71.70%) and New Delhi district the last (62.36%). Map 2 shows the district-wise work participation rate concentration as per 2001 census of NCT Delhi.
It is realized that Social GIS is to be evolved to assist in increasing awareness amongst policy makers and as input in decision-making process. Such efforts may be useful to assist in decision-making and revamping administrative structure, planning process and policies including technology for sustainable urban living and in fact understanding the environment need it self. It is also realized that a long term spatial technology policy is needed for areas like NCT Delhi to move towards sustainable development followed by identifying and assessing possible modes for critical intervention in the light of ongoing trends in spatial technologies and their integration into the socio-economic system. The implementation of advanced spatial technologies requires new socio-economic institutions and structures, legal regime and initiation processes for responding to advanced spatial technological order for sustainable urban development. The problem, therefore, is to understand the contemporary urban socio-economic environment and the future role of spatial technology in sustainable urban living. The nature, scale and diffusion of spatial technology constitute the core of the growth and sustainability of metropolis supported by an appropriate policy apparatus for intervention and control. Underlying the support of the prevailing spatial technological model are specific forms of social and economic institutions and the nature of control over utilization of natural and socio-economic resources. The features of the spatial technological model thus have to be re-examined in relation to urban socio-economic environment for evolving a sound social GIS.
References
- Census of India 2001, Series -1, India, Provisional Population Totals, Paper - 1 of 2001, Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, Delhi.
- Census of India 2001, Series -8, Delhi, Provisional Population Totals, Paper - 1 of 2001, Director of Census Operation, Delhi.
- Census of India 2001, Series -8, Delhi, Provisional Population Totals, Paper - 2 of 2001, Director of Census Operation, Delhi.
- Census of India 2001, Series -8, Delhi, Provisional Population Totals, Paper - 3 of 2001, Director of Census Operation, Delhi.
- Census of India, 1991, Series - 31, Delhi, District Census Handbook, Director of Census Operation, Delhi.
- Department of Environment, Government of National Capital Territory, Delhi (and TERI, New Delhi District), State of Environment Report for Delhi 2001, April 2002.
- Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, Planning Department, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP) Part -II, Detail Project Reports, Report No. 1 - Water Conservation Treated Wastewater Re-cycling Feasibility Study Report, February 2001
- Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi, Planning Department, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP) Part -I, Delhi 21, January 2001
- National Capital Regional Planning Board, Delhi 1999: A Fact Sheet, NCRPB, New Delhi District
- What will be Delhi in 2001; Delhi Master Plan, August 1990 (Revised and Updated), Akalank's Publications, Delhi, Reprinted 2001 www.delhiplanning.nic.in
The help extended by an NGO namely' Mewat Development Society (MDS) in compilation and collation of data and preparation of maps is duly acknowledge.