Abstract
As a great archipelagic country that offers various and unique nature, Indonesia has been one of the world tourist destinations. All of these interesting features could foster tourism when they are supported by the availability of sufficient information, which is accurate, interesting and easy to obtain. An atlas of Indonesia from space is designed to provide a more interesting and accurate information about Indonesian tourism. The process of making this atlas includes map preparation, field surveys, satellite image acquisition, graphic design, narration, and quality control. The objects are displayed through satellite images that were capture from remote sensing satellite commonly used for mapping activities. These were the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), Landsat 7 ETM+, Quickbird, and IKONOS. The atlas is also depicted using the Topographic Maps produced by Bakosurtanal, photographic pictures, and narration.

I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, remote sensing technology and its application have been through some significant developments. This can be shown from the amount and varieties of satellites on the space, the increasing abilities of recording objects, and also the increasing various resolutions of imagery. Those developments have made the use of imagery satellite possible in many fields. One of them is tourism. Indonesia has used the satellite remote sensing imagery to support its tourism. IKONOS and Quickbird imagery, which can present visible objects on the earth surface in detail, has made them the primary source in making information related to tourism in Indonesia.

Satellite imagery application supporting tourism has been done by providing information based on imagery in the form of atlases. The reason of imagery selection as the primary source is its ability to visualize tourism site and its surroundings as it is a real one. The tourism atlases need some information in the form of attractive images and texts, which are informative and can create the sense of adventure to its readers. Using satellite imagery to support tourism need other important data of information, such as maps, photos of tourism site and narration. Maps can be used to provide position, direction to the site, topographic condition in tourism site and other spatial information. Photos of tourism site are used to present detail images of certain tourism site. The use of narration is to describe many things related with the tourism site.

Imagery used to make atlases consisted of IKONOS, Quickbird, Landsat ETM, SPOT, and SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission). Satellite imagery which will be used is based on tourism site’s evaluation in which will be presented on the atlases. The purpose of that evaluation is to gain the selective tourism site list for tourism activities. Then, that evaluation is arranged to become tourism site inventory list and location identification, route on topographic maps. The identification on maps is followed up by composing the area of interest for buying new imagery and searching imagery on the available collection or archives.

Using satellite imagery to support tourism is packed in atlases in the form of 22 x 26 cm book, and is equipped with narration in Indonesian and English. “Atlas of Indonesia from Space” is a product which is meant to present information of scattered tourism site in Indonesia. The presentation of tourism site using satellite imagery data is expected to be more interesting and be able to create the readers’ perception on the beauty of the tourism site.

II. COMPOSING IMAGERY ATLAS
“Atlas of Indonesia from Space” is an atlas that is made of satellite imagery as the main source of data. The making of that atlas has been through several phases, such as preparation, data collection, data processing, compiling into an atlas, quality control, and printing. Each phase consists of several related process with each other. Several phases have been done in the office, on site, on the laboratories, and in the printing house.

1. Preparation
The preparation process of making “Atlas of Indonesia from Space” includes the inventory activity of selective and superior tourism site data in every province, location determination and surveying the route, preparing the material and documents for surveying, and also preparing the transportation and accommodation on site. Several data on this phase is collected from the Department of Culture and Tourism, internet, and library. The determination of this selective tourism site is based on:

1. location and accessibility
2. history
3. special characteristics
4. tourism site status

1. Location and accessibility are the important factors in tourism because those factors have great influence on interest and cost, which has to be made by tourists. Location, which is too far away from the city and it is not supported with adequate transportation is the main reason for the overwhelming cost. That condition can reduce the power of attraction and the popularity of the tourism site. Then, it doesn’t have enough power to attract many tourists anymore.
2. The history of tourism site is an interesting factor to be considered in selecting tourism site because the history will affect its tourism site’s visibility. For instance, Toba Lake, Three-colored Lake, and Borobudur Temple. Each of them has their own history. Geologically, Toba Lake is a giant crater from the eruption of the volcano. Three-colored Lake comes from the chemical process on the water which emerges three different colors into the lake. Borobudur Temple is a creation of culture in the past with some interesting history making and technology used.
3. Special characteristics. Tourism site’s special characteristics are another main attraction in the world of tourism. A tourism site, which has special characteristics or only being in certain site due to certain reasons is an object, which has the higher tourism attraction. Those characteristics are usually related with the local community, culture, and the nature. Several tourism sites which are special characteristics from the certain area can be archeological site, natural tourism site, vegetation and creature, etc.
4. Tourism site status. Tourism site status is another important factor in determining the tourism site. Rare status and well-protected are indicators that the object has certain privileges and conditions. It can be the power of attraction to many tourists.

2.Surveying and Data Collection
Surveying to collect data of tourism site was done in every province. Data being collected consists of photos, videos, object geographical coordinate, books or leaflet, facilities around tourism site, transportation, and accessibility. The surveys were conducted in several provinces, especially in mainland, such as Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, West Nusatenggara, East Nusatenggara, and Papua. In addition to collecting those primary data, secondary data from official agency is also collected in at provincial, regent, and the city levels. Other data collected for making atlases were satellite imagery and maps. Satellite imagery such as IKONOS, Quickbird, SPOT, Landsat, and aerial photographic which covers some areas in which the tourism site was determined.

3.Data Processing
Data processing for making atlases covers maps processing, imagery, and photos. Satellite imagery processing covers geometric correction, radiometric correction, filtering, fusion, contrast sharpening, and pan sharpening. Geometric correction can make imagery coordinate system in accordance with maps coordinate system being used, so object position visibility can be plotted on maps. Radiometric correction can improve the quality of the imagery due to recorded materials influence.

Object visibility on imagery is often less visible and less neat because of the atmospheric influences. Radiometric correction produced clearer and brighter imagery. Filtering was done to accentuate the desirable object and to omit certain spectral variation. Filtering was being used to achieve imagery coverage, which can show straightening pattern and object grouping. Fusion of several band lines on monitor was used to gain composite imagery. That fusion process generated the better contrast and object visibility, so the tourism site becomes more interesting site to look at. Contrast sharpening was done to gain the clear visualization between object and its surroundings. Pan sharpening on imagery is meant to gain the higher of spatial resolution in order to achieve more visible of object’s detail. The below picture shows Kaliurang tourism site which recorded by IKONOS,



Photos taken on the site had different qualities of pictures. This was because of weather influence, biological environment, camera being used, and the camera operator. Different factors caused different qualities of photos. Gaining the clearer photos, being focused and interesting one can be done by editing process. It covers contrast sharpening, color-balanced arrangement, cutting and improving the resolution.

4.Compiling of Dummy Atlas
Atlas dummy design is compiled to present imagery data composition, photos, maps, and narration on each atlas layer’s layout. Graphic design’s role in making atlas dummy is very important because that data composition needs to be arranged in certain way so that it has informative layout appearance, interesting, and comfortable to its readers. The process of making atlas dummy is using Quark X Press software which has several facilities to design an atlas dummy. Several layout model of each dummy layer has been made so that each atlas has different layout appearance. Layout appearance is all about imagery placement composition, maps, photos, and narration. An experiment on several layouts is needed to gain some interesting and informative layout in certain way, such as data placement aspects, color composition, type and size of the letters.

The evaluation result on the dummy was used to correct and to improve the appearance. Then, that dummy was processed along with data placement and compiled to become an atlas. One of sample of atlas dummy layout can be seen in Figure 2.

4. Quality Control
Quality control is a crucial phase on the line of atlases making process because there are several points have to be done on this phase. There are errors elimination on maps, data plotting, data placement, narration, improvement on appearance quality, etc.

a.Maps quality control process includes maps evaluation among other things. Maps evaluation was done so that each map fulfill certain criteria, such as accuracy, informativeness, and efficiency related to the amount of space on each layer layout. The accuracy comprises of object placement, roads/streets, and the right position on object name’s text. The element placement on maps was done so that it is not complicated and can be read easily. Efficiency maps placement on the right size with the amount of space allocated.


Figure 2. Sample of Atlas Page Layout.

b.Quality control process on narration is an activity to check on a narration, such as contents (substance), spelling, translation, and narration efficiency. The advantage of narration is to explain certain points, which can not be revealed in pictures and photos, for example, the history of tourism site, characteristics, status, etc. Basically, narration on both Indonesia and English contain the object description, history, position, accessibility, and facilities around the object itself.

c.Process of Printing. Process of printing’s quality control is the last phase of quality control on the process of making atlases. This quality control comprises color separation, file transferring to the film, making of printing plat, color arrangement on process of printing, sorting of printing output, etc. Atlases appearance is much influenced by processing of that printing quality control.

III. THE BENEFIT OF SATELLITE IMAGERY ON TOURISM
Using imagery data in making tourism atlases can give an impression about tourism site and its surroundings. The advantage of using imagery data rather than symbolic data on maps is the ability of imagery data to develop map readers’ perception on shape, size and the beauty of the tourism site. That advantage is expected to foster tourist to visit many scattered tourism site in all over Indonesia.

REFERENCES

• BAKOSURTANAL, 2003, Bali From Space, Indonesia Tourism Vol.1
• BAKOSURTANAL, 2004, NTB From Space, Indonesia Tourism Vol.2
• BAKOSURTANAL, 2005, Bangka Belitung From Space, Indonesia Tourism Vol.3.
• BAKOSURTANAL, 2005, Atlas Pariwisata Jawa Tengah.
• BAKOSURTANAL, 2005, Atlas Pariwisata Jawa Timur
• Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Republik Indoensia
• Edi Sigar, et al, Buku Pintar Pariwisata Nusantara, PT Pustaka Delapratasa, 2003
• Edrwin, et al, Hand book to North Sumatera , CV.Super Delta Market, Cetakan Edisi Pertama 2001.
• The Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 2003, Adventure Tourism, Directorate General of Marketing.