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Using GIS And Application For Tourism
2. Network Analysis A network is a set of linear features that are interconnected in GIS. Common examples of networks include highways, railways, city streets, rivers, transportation routes (e.g., transit, school buses, garbage collection, and mail delivery), and utility distribution systems (e.g., electricity, telephone, water supply, and sewage). Collectively, these networks form the infrastructure of modern society. They provide the means for the movement of people and goods, the delivery of services, the flow of resources and energy, as well as the communication of information (Haggett and Chorley, 1969; Kansky, 1963). Network analysis is useful for organizations that manage or use networked facilities, such as utility, transmission and transportation systems. Utilities employ network models to model and analyze their distribution systems and meter-reading routes. Municipal public works departments use networks to analyze bus and trash routes, whereas businesses use them to plan and optimize the delivery of goods and services. Network analysis can also be applied to retail store planning. For instance, solving of the driving times can aid in the determination of retail store trade areas. Three principal types of network analysis are network allocation, network routing and network tracing. Network Allocation: As well as one of the most important processes in the Planning and investment activities is network allocation. In other words, Network allocation is an analysis occurring at the same time of geographical entities and determination process as a point of the optimum center. Network Routing: Network routing determines the optimal path along a linear network. The selection of the path can be based on numerous criteria, such as shortest distance, fastest route, no left turns and minimum cost. The path can pass between two points or through several selected points. Network Tracing: Network tracing determines a particular path through the network. This path is based on criteria provided by the user. Geographical data used in Network Analysis have to be vector structure and also based on line. Arc-node topology is established for Network Analysis Query in GIS. Network Analysis is closely related to spatial interaction modeling. A set of geographic locations interconnected in a system by a number of routes (Kansky, 1963). A network refers to a system of lines topologically structured. Networks may be reduced to topological graphs, which are arrays of points connected or not connected to one another by lines. This simplification facilitates the revelation of common topological structures of the networks. 3. Design and Application In this study, all of the GIS implementation phases were applied. In addition to this, current state and necessities were fixed on feasibility phase. Data design, process design and physical design phases were carried out on design phase. Finally, Esfahan was selected as the working area in which there are a lot of tourist places. The system application phase of GIS Design and Application for Tourism was carried out. Furthermore, we used Microstation Ver 8.0 and Arcview 3.2a with Network Analyst Extension and Arcinfo 8.0.2 in this study. District boundary maps, current maps, orthophotos, middle lines of roads and their name are graphical components of GIS Design and Application for Tourism. In addition, non-graphical components consist of attributes of designed layers. And also, detailed information related to photos and objects is available for better recognition of query object. In this study; middle lines of roads which have vector and graphical characteristic for network analysis, and historical and tourism places and all of the geographical objects considered as necessary items for tourism were designed as point layer. Only building layer was designed as polygon layer for imagination. We used different layers for analysis. There is general information on the entry requirements to the country, the climate, rules of the road and disease prevention. For every town, in this case Esfahan, information on the tourist facilities on offer, the rates at each facility, types of rooms, services on offer, the nearest police station, bazaar, park and restaurant can be obtained. On clicking on a tourist facility, and sample pictures of how the facility looks like can be obtained, viewed and printed for a client on request. Table 1. Layers and its attributes
 Figure 1. Boundary of District in Esfahan |