Methodology
Why Surveying is important?
Surveying is an important aspect of Road Network due to the following:
The objective is to optimize the cost of network based on following considerations:
- Shortest route calculation
- Minimum number of crossing
- Accessibility i.e. from approachability for maintenance as well as from law and order point of view.
- Selection of optimum foundations based on following information
- Type of soil
- Type of terrain: Benching requirements, requirements of Road extensions.
- Loose hills especially in young Himalayan region, areas prone to landslides
- Area of submergence as well as prone to river meandering
It helps in ensuring the statutory clearances with respect to following:
- Power line crossings, Railway crossings, road crossings etc.
- Clearances from habitation
- Environmental clearances
- Minimum forests, minimum forests density
- Historically important areas and monuments
- National Parks and wild life sanctuaries
Project Stage:
After system planning studies and identifying suitable State Road systems, Reports for the network are to be suggested. At the project stage, detailed elaboration of the project is done for the technical details.
Presently, reconnaissance involving the following types of surveys is carried out prior to submission of reports:
- Map study
- Walkover survey and / or
- Preliminary survey
Cadastral survey maps with following benefits:
- Maintenance & additional construction cost can be brought to the minimum.
- Material Estimation and procurement can be done fairly on realistic basis.
- Any possible delay/hindrance likely to come during the execution of the work can be avoided after taking due care of various statutory provisions during the course of selecting route alignment.
- Proper planning can be done for networks keeping provision for future routs etc.
- Approvals from Railways, Civil Aviation, Forest authorities etc. can be obtained faster.
- Preparation of Master Network and fixing construction/erection targets can be done on realistic basis, which will help in the judicious planning of materials flow, cash flow and manpower requirements.
- Appreciable time can be saved during construction & maintenance of roads, if selection of Rivers, route along hill sections and power line etc., are properly made.
Map Study:
After drawing various routes of road network within the cadastral maps, a comparative study is done on the basis of the following data:
- Route length.
- Nos. and type of important road points in each indicating route of each road as measured on the map.
- Nature and number of major crossings.
- Mapping the industrial installations, structures, important places for identification of Roads.
- Approach to the line in general for construction & maintenance.
- Reaches through protected or Reserved Forests
- Continuously long stretches in paddy fields.
- Close parallelism with Railway lines.