Spatial Analysis Application:
Maps are a powerful medium for planning, analysis and monitoring for a large number of applications. Satellite images, cadastral maps, political boundaries, contours, networks and location analysis are handled on a day-to-day basis by decision-makers in numerous organizations. The data of cadastral survey forms the basis for generation of any accurate higher level map. Spatial analysis applications are of two types:
Micro level Planning and Development:
Micro level planning generally involves ground study and evaluation of data of a specific area of interest. For e.g., rural development schemes, irrigation, ground water development, town planning, mining, Road logistics etc. require a study of maps and data pertaining to small zones.
Macro level Planning and Development:
Macro level planning generally involves study and evaluation of data of a large geographic zone. For e.g., statewide policies, excise, fiscal analysis, logistics (like road, railway etc) are macro level applications. Spatial analysis applications, especially at the micro level, are a natural progression from land management applications, as the maps are directly used or derived from cadastral survey data and the land profile and usage information is available in land registers.
Use of Remote Sensing Image in Mapping the Surface of the Earth:
Remotely sensed images contain both spectral and spatial information. The spectral information provides various properties and characteristics about the surface cover at a given location or pixel (that is, vegetation and/or soil type). The spatial information gives the distribution, variation, and topographic relief of the cover types from pixel to pixel. Therefore, the main characteristics that determine a pixel's brightness/reflectance and, consequently, the digital number (DN) assigned to the pixel, are the physical properties of the surface and near surface, the cover type, and the topographic slope. In this application, the ability to detect and map lineaments, especially those related to fractures and faults, is critical. Therefore, the extraction of spatial information from the digital images was of prime interest.
Use of GIS in Drawing Maps:
With GIS Techniques, Maps are produced that are similar in Appearance to hand-drawn maps; to the eye, each elevation map may appear to not conflict with the elevation maps of other Stratigraphic units. However, to develop a truly internally consistent set of maps, the maps are processed into a vector (Gridded) format. The Topo survey maps always provide some benchmark and are therefore very useful in contour preparation either manually or electronically. Topographical maps of India made by survey of India were started more than hundred years ago. Since then the land information is based on the Topo maps of Survey of India for various purpose. But there is some constraint in Topo maps as information is little bit older. So Topo maps could be very helpful to read with the remote sensing images, which is today’s scenario.
Micro-Land Use Planning:
- GIS Application to visualize the Land use and Land Cover with various information/ data as stated above on respective area at block & village level.
- Digital Resource Model (DRM) preparation to visualize the unapproachable area.
- Determination of the slope in project area for preparation of proposed road plan.
- Preparation of proposed master planning map.
- Correction, if any, of the said maps after field verification and submission of the same to the department as final output.
Conflicts:
The Following Information should be recorded for each Identified Conflicts.
- The Actor Involved.
- Brief Description.
- Category of Conflict.
- Brief History.
- Impact of the Conflict on Species, LSES (Land Scape Elements) And User Group.
Conservation Strategy and Action Plan:
The Following Points Should be noted down for the Action Plan –
- Brief Reports of the Gramsabha.
- Decisions taken at the Gramshava Meetings.
- Species, LSES and User Groups Involved in the Decision.
- Progress Made on the Action Plan
- Current Status of Developmental Programme.