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Earthqauke Disaster Management in China
3 Foundational Information Systems for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Kinds of digital maps based on different scales have been built up since 1990. By now, The Chinese Government attaches great importance to the development of earth science and technology as well as information technology to develop the foundation Information Systems for earthquake disaster mitigation. In recent years, as one part of “Digital Earth” and China's National Information Infrastructure (CNII) project, this system has taken in a great deal of information related to earthquake disaster mitigation, such as the digital geological maps with scale of 1:50,000, 1:250,000 and 1:1,000,000 for whole country, in which the geological structure, historic earthquake have been include, distribution of population and building. All of provincial capital and big cities owning over one million populations have even built the more details digital geological and infrastructure systems maps with scale of 1: 25,000, 1:10,000 and 1:5,000. Some special maps have much more information. Almost all cities that the population is over 500,000 have built themselves foundation information system for reducing earthquake disaster and hazard, these systems almost contain all infrastructure information in urban area, such as water-supply network, power system, telecommunication network, traffic system, distribution of population and building, etc. Figure 2 ,3 are two typical illustration of earthquake disaster preparation and rescuing system for medium –sized city, this system has been applied in actual earthquake emergency.  Figure 2 one infrastructure information systems for urban earthquake disaster mitigation Beside the powerful infrastructure database is built, the newest achievements in the earthquake engineering are also continually added to this system, such as the earthquake risk analysis theories and methods, new anti-seismic criteria or code, new knowledge and experiences in pre- and post-earthquake emergency. Figure 4 is the first digital map which was drawn based on the theory of earthquake risk probability analysis and GIS in 1994. The new computer techniques have been applied to build this system. For example, the developing platform for the earthquake disaster mitigation in every rank is geographical information system (GIS), the earthquake risk analysis model and model of earthquake loss assessment can easily updated in time in this system.
 Figure 4 one earthquake zoning map based on GIS in Northern china plain However, because the territory of China is vast, there is a big difference of the development in different areas, it is impossible to build the intact foundational information database for all of country, with the consideration of seismic activity, characteristics, as well as the level of seismic science and technology, state economic capability, the government has paid great attention to the preparedness and mitigation for earthquake disaster in urban area. |
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