|
|
|
Overview | Earthquake | Drought | Fire | Flood & Cyclones | Landslide & Soil Erosion | Volcano
Evaluation of earthquake damage in Delhi
Building damage
| |
MSK V |
MSK IV |
MSK VII |
MSK VIII |
Reinforced concrete
building |
0 |
12,600 |
62,000 |
125,700 |
Engineered masonry
building |
43,400 |
217,000 |
434,000 |
651,100 |
Non-engineered
masonry building |
38,900 |
194,400 |
388,800 |
583,200 |
Non-engineered
constructions using
other materials |
87,200 |
435,900 |
653,900 |
828,200 |
Casualty
|
| Time |
MSK VI |
MSK VII |
MSK VIII |
| Midnight |
31,400 |
118,400 |
277,600 |
| 6 A.M |
25,000 |
94,600 |
22,100 |
| 12 Noon |
18,800 |
71,000 |
166,500 |
| Death estimate |
| Time |
MSKVI |
MSK VII |
MSK VIII |
| Midnight |
11,200 |
42,600 |
100,100 |
| 6 A.M |
9,000 |
34,000 |
80,000 |
| 12 Noon |
6,700 |
25,500 |
60,100 |
Structural mitigation measures
Engineered constructions
- Better compliance with design codes
- Careful detailing.
- Good quality control
- Leads to reduction in vulnerability
Non-engineered constructions.
- Difficult to implement any mitigation measures
- No reduction in vulnerability
Reduced vulnerability Index
| |
MSK V |
MSK VI |
MSK VII |
MSK VIII |
Reinforced Concrete
building |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.15 |
0.30 |
Engineered masonry
building |
0.00 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.50 |
Non-engineered
masonry building |
0.00 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
0.50 |
Non-engineered
constructions using
other materials |
0.10 |
0.50 |
0.75 |
0.95 |
Injury estimate for 2011
Mitigation
| Time |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
| |
MSK VI |
|
MSK VII |
|
MSK VII |
|
| Midnight |
36,500 |
40,800 |
139,700 |
153,900 |
333,600 |
361,000 |
| 6 A.M |
29,200 |
32,600 |
111,800 |
123,100 |
266,900 |
288,700 |
| 12 Noon |
21,900 |
24,500 |
83,800 |
92,300 |
200,2000 |
216,500 |
Death estimate for 2001
Mitigation
| Time |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
No |
| |
MSK VI |
|
MSK VII |
|
MSK VIII |
|
| Midnight |
13,200 |
14,700 |
50,700 |
55,500 |
121,00 |
130,400 |
| 6 A.M |
10,600 |
11,700 |
40,600 |
44,300 |
96,900 |
104,300 |
| 12 Noon |
7,900 |
8,800 |
30,400 |
33,300 |
72,700 |
78,200 |
Conclusions
- Seiismic vulnerability can be decreased by proper choice of construction technioque. Good engineered constructions are essential.
Structural mitigation measures tend to reduce earthquake risks only in the long-term. They must be used in conjunction with other measures.
- Vulnerability analysis results can provide invaluable assistance in relief and recovery following an earthquake disaster.
- Engineering community needs to play a pro-active role to reduce vulnerability of urban areas.
|
|
|