Data integration for flood risk analysis by using GIS/RS as tools
Climate
The climate varies considerably in the north and in the south. The southern part of the district experience warm summer and cold winter whereas in the north summer is cool and winter extremely cold. June, July and August are the hot months. The mean maximum and minimum temperature during the month of July are about 350 and 23OC. respectively. December, January and February are the cold months. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during the month of January are 16O and 3OC respectively. Average annual precipitation of the district is 1511 millimeters (Table.2). Research Methodology The methodology was adopted in the study according to the objectives of the study, available data and techniques. The flow chart shows the methodology adopted during the this study (Fig. 2); 
 Fig. 2 Methodology used creation of Hazard Map GIS as a Natural Hazard Management Tool Nowadays GIS is emerging as a powerful tool for the assessment of risk and management of Natural Hazards. Due to these techniques, natural hazard mapping can be prepared now to delineate flood prone areas on the map. Such kind of maps will help the civil authorities for quick assessment of potential impact of a natural hazard and initiation of appropriate measures for reducing the impact. Such data will help the planners and decision-makers to take positive and in time steps during pre disaster situation. It will also help them during post disaster activities for the assessment of damages and losses occur due to flooding. Moreover, GIS provides a broad range of tool for determining areas affected by floods or forecasting areas likely to be flooded due to high discharge of the river. With the help of sequential images of certain area, we can find out the behavior of the flood routing and damages. Creation of Hazard Maps For the analysis and creation of maps, researcher used the city guide map, which was purchased from the Survey of Pakistan office. The coordinates of the map were not known but taking control point with the help of Global Positioning System (GPS) on the ground, the required maps were georeferenced. With the help of screen digitising, a segment map of the city has been drawn. A separate label point map by giving unique ID number to each point was prepared. The segments map then was polygonised with the same label point map. Side by side, a separate table was prepared in which four columns were created. One for Land use, age of the buildings, material used for these buildings, vulnerability and number of storeys of the houses. For these columns separate domains were used. After putting all the information carefully, the table has been linked with the base map by using attribute command. |