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ABSTRACT:
Tsunamis are a threat to life and property to anyone living near the oceanfront. The most affected are those living along coastal areas whose livelihood entirely depends on fishing. Many rehabilitation organizations (relief agencies) have played their role well and even now they are continuing their activities in slowly improving the socio-economic condition of the affected sector.

We have taken an area along the Cuddalore coast for assessing the pre- and post- tsunami conditions with respect to socio-economical conditions of the affected population. GIS proves to be an effective tool for this assessment. The base maps of the place before and after tsunami are obtained. The demographic information of the area is obtained from the DHAN foundation. These are incorporated using GIS. The present status of the socio-economic condition of fishermen is studied. The relative distribution of the effect of the input efforts (shelter, health, education, alternate livelihoods etc.) are found and analyzed for corrective administrative decision.

INTRODUCTION:

• A tsunami (soo-NAH-mee) is a series of waves that occur in an ocean or other large body of water and that are caused by some activity that displaces large amounts of water.
• Tsunami is the Japanese word for "harbor wave."
• Tsunamis are usually caused by earthquakes that occur on the seafloor or in coastal areas.
• The energy generated by the earthquake is transmitted through the water.
• In deep oceans the energy in these seismic sea waves can travel virtually unnoticed because the wave height may be only twelve inches.
• When this energy reaches the shallow waters of coastlines, bays, or harbors, it forces the water into a giant wave.
• Some tsunamis may reach heights of 100 feet or more.
• The tsunamis were caused by earthquakes in Japan, Indonesia and other countries.
• December 2004 tsunami caused heavy loss along the Eastern Coast of Tamilnadu.

OBJECTIVE:

• To classify the selected villages as least, moderate, nominal and highly affected by tsunami.
• To evaluate the relief measures taken by governmental and non-governmental organizations in a few selected villages.
• To rank them and to discuss their further needs.

NEED FOR STUDY:
To study the extent of relief measures undertaken by governmental and non-governmental bodies.

STUDY AREA:
The study area selected is Cuddalore District in Tamilnadu.


Figure 1 Cuddalore Study area

It spans from:

• 11 ° 9’ 16’’ to 11 ° 54’ 13’’ in latitude
• 79 ° 48’ 34’’ to 78 ° 52’ 56’’ in longitude.

DATA COLLECTED AND THEIR SOURCES:

• Spatial Data:
  
  1. Village boundary of Cuddalore district from Institute of Remote Sensing (IRS), Anna University.
  2. High Resolution Satellite Imagery.
• Non-spatial data:
  
  1. Socio-economic data (damages to houses, boats, nets, human life, etc and reliefs – houses, nets, boats, education, etc) and
  2. Demography from DHAN foundation.

METHODOLOGY:



STEPS INVOLVED:

1. The village map of Cuddalore district (study area) is obtained and fed into ArcGIS .
2. The villages under study are extracted using ArcMap.
3. The non-spatial data about those villages are added to the attribute table.
4. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), the non-spatial parameters are given weightages.
   
   

   	N_D	D	B_D	H_D	M_H	P_H	TOTAL
   N_D	1	1/5	1/3	1/3	1	3	5.867
   D	5	1	7	7	9	9	37
   B_D	3	1/7	1	1	7	9	22.143
   H_D	3	1/7	1	1	7	9	22.143
   M_H	1	1/9	1/7	1/7	1	1	3.3
   P_H	1/3	1/9	1/9	1/9	1	1	2.633
   TOTAL	13.333	1.708	9.587	9.587	26	32

    

   	N_D	D	B_D	H_D	M_H	P_H	TOTAL
   N_D	0.075	0.117	0.035	0.035	0.038	0.094	0.394
   D	0.375	0.585	0.73	0.730	0.346	0.281	3.047
   B_D	0.225	0.084	0.104	0.104	0.261	0.281	1.059
   H_D	0.225	0.084	0.104	0.104	0.261	0.281	1.059
   M_H	0.075	0.065	0.014	0.015	0.038	0.031	0.238
   P_H	0.025	0.065	0.012	0.012	0.038	0.031	0.183
   TOTAL	1	1	1	1	0.982	1.28

   
   
   Weightage matrix = (6.6 50.9 17.7 17.7 3.9 3)
   (N_D – Nets damaged, D- Death, B_D- Boats damaged, H_D – Houses damaged, M_H- Mental health, P_H- Physical health)
   
5. The results are used to rank villages and to compare them.
6. One Sigma Deviation method is used to grade them as least, moderate, nominal and highly affected as well as relieved villages.
   
   
   
   
7. The percentage of relief measures taken in the selected villages are compared on the basis of the individual themes. In the above map its with respect to houses provided.
8. In Visual Basic Software, forms are created for Customization and corresponding codes are written.
9. Map Objects is used as a component to assist in Visual Basic display of maps.
10. The Customization helps in understanding the damages and the relief measures taken in villages in a user-friendly manner.

SOFTWARE USED:

• ARC GIS
• MS ACCESS
• VISUAL BASIC
• MAP OBJECTS

ROLE OF GIS:
GIS is used for Depiction of numerical data in a visual format (easier comprehension for relating input parameters) which is accessible to the people irrespective of their technical competence. Thus serving as an user friendly environment.

Also, GIS is used for overlaying of satellite images incorporating natural resources data for effective analysis which aids in arriving at quick and wise decisions.

OVERVIEW OF SOFTWARE:

ArcGIS:
ArcGIS is an integrated collection of GIS software products for building a complete GIS. It enables the users to deploy GIS functionality wherever it is needed in desktops, servers, or custom application; over the web; or in the field. It consists of ArcMap, ArcCatalog and ArcToolbox.

ArcMap:
It is the central application in ArcGIS desktop for all map based tasks including cartography map analysis and editing. It is comprehensive map authoring application for ARCGIS DESKTOP.

ArcCatalog:
The ArcCatalog application organizes and manages all GIS information such as maps, globes, datasets, models, metadata and services. It includes tools to

• Browse and find geographical information
• Record view and manage meta data
• Define, export and import geodatabase schemes - Search and browse GIS data on the local network
• Administer an ARCGIS server

ArcToolbox:
Arc toolbox contains comprehensive collection of geo-processing inclusing tools for

• Data management
• Data conversion
• Coverage processing
• Vector analysis
• Geo-coding

MapObjects 2.3:
MapObjects is a set of mapping software components that let you add maps to your applications. You can combine MapObjects with components from other vendors, such as graphing, multimedia, and database objects. The applications you build can be tailored for the specific requirements of your end-users, thus user friendly. MapObjects comprises an ActiveX control (OCX) called the Map control and a set of over forty-five ActiveX Automation objects. MapObjects can be used to display a map with multiple map layers, such as roads, streams and boundaries and pan and zoom throughout a map. New shapefiles can be created with descriptive text .Some of the basic statistics can also be calculated.

WORKING MODEL

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

MAIN WINDOW



This form allows us to know

• the damages caused in a particular village and
• the relief measures taken.

RELIEF MEASURES WINDOW

This form helps us

• to select a village and the selected village is highlighted in the image.
• to know the various relief measures obtained by that village.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
The following can be accomplished through this paper:

1. The allocation of funds for further development.
2. Rewarding the organizations that have performed well.
3. Studying necessary support to be rendered to the needy.
4. Analyzing the causes for poor performance.
5. Giving scope for future development.

Future Scope:
The evaluation can be done even for the individual houses in the villages.
More parameters can be taken into account for more precise outputs.
Land use layers can be used so that it is possible to analyze the land suitability for constructing houses for tsunami affected people.

REFERENCES:

1. Cuddalore district details from http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/tsunami-in-india/earthquake/cuddalore.html



2. “Impact and needs assessment of tsunami affected coastal villages in Cuddalore district” from http://www.tsunami-evaluation.org/NR



3. ISET journal from http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset_42_tn2.pdf



4. OFERR’s (Organisation for Eelam Refugees Rehabilitation) response to tsunami affected people in Cuddalore from http://www.oferr.org/tsunami.htm



5. Measures taken by DHAN foundation from http://dhan.org/tsunami/index.html



6. Details on Analytical Hierarchy Process from http://www.rfp-templates.com/Analytical-Hierarchy-Process-(AHP).html



7. Theoritical details on fishermen population in Cuddalore district from http://www.cuddalore.tn.nic.in/fisheries.htm



8. Overview of Cuddalore district map from http://tnmaps.tn.nic.in/district.php?dcode=18

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