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Land subsidence characteristics of Jakarta between 1997 and 2005 as estimated using GPS Surveys
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin
Geodesy Research Division
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
Email: hzabidin@gd.itb.ac.id
Heri Andreas
Geodesy Research Division
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
Email: heri@gd.itb.ac.id
Dudy Darmawan
Geodesy Research Division
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
Email: dudy@gd.itb.ac.id
M. Gamal
Geodesy Research Division
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
Email: mgamal@gd.itb.ac.id
Rochman Djaya
National Coordinating Agency for
ABSTRACT
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with a population of about 12 million people, inhabiting an area of about 25-km by 25-km. It has been reported for quite sometime that several locations in Jakarta are subsiding at different rates. There are four different types of land subsidence that can be expected to occur in Jakarta basin, namely: subsidence due to groundwater extraction, subsidence induced by the load of constructions (i.e. settlement of high compressibility soil), subsidence caused by natural consolidation of alluvium soil, and geotectonic subsidence.
Besides leveling method, GPS surveys method has been used to study land subsidence in Jakarta. Eight GPS surveys have been conducted, namely on Dec. 1997, June 1999, June 2000, June 2001, October 2001, July 2002, December 2002, and September 2005.
This paper describes characteristics of land subsidence during the period between 1997 and 2005 as derived using GPS surveys method. In general the estimated subsidence rates are around 1 to 10 cm per year, depending on the location and also time. This study also shows that the amount of land subsidence in several locations of Jakarta basin usually has a positive correlation with the registered abstraction volume of groundwater in those locations. Paper will sum up with some conclusions and recommendations.
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