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Coral Reef Habitat Mapping: A Case Study In Mensanak Island- Senayang Lingga, Riau Province, Indonesia
Reef Habitat Classification
Water column image has been calculated base on equation: ln (L1) + (0.639*ln(L2), where, L1 and L2 is Landsat ETM + band 1 and band 2, respectively. Based on the water column image, this study was successfully classified image into eight classes. The image classification of study area was obtained by using K Mean (Unsupervised) classification. Eight classes have been reduced into six classes based on cluster analysis. The six classes have been tested using analysis of variance. All the benthos among the class was showed significant at level 99% (sand, substrate and live coral) and 95% (bio habitat). The statistical results of ANOVA suggest that the distribution benthic of each reef habitats were unique population. In other word there is significant different in substratum and biota among reef habitats. Table 1 and Figure 3 are shown the six classes of reef habitat. The following is a description of the major reef habitat zone mapped in this study
Reef Habitat 1 – Bare Sand Zone: Sandy zone was found the dominant reef top benthic habitat in this study.
Reef Habitat 2 – Exposed Sand / Substratum Zone: This reef zone occupied the smallest area of entire reef habitat and there was scattered along the reef area.
Reef Habitat 3 - Reef Crest Substratum Sandy Zone: This zone was characterized by high live coral colonies. However, the coverage of live coral is smaller than reef crest/submerged reef zone (reef habitat 4).
Reef Habitat 4- Reef Crest / Submerged Reef Zone: This zone consisted of large/very high live coral colonies with few and narrow separation by sandy area. In addition, substrate also found high in this zone. It was indicated there were activities regarding with destruction of coral reef.
Reef Habitat 5 – Substrate Sandy Zone: This zone is dominated by substrate cover and followed by sandy cover. Substrate sandy zone occupied the second large area, which is approximately 24% coverage of the total reef area.
Reef Habitat 6 - Reef Flat Sea grass / Algae Zone: Bio habitat (sea grass/algae) cover was found large in this zone. According the proportion of the substrate and sand, it was indicate that sea grass/algae was grown on the substrate and sand and also between the live coral.
Table 1 Descriptive for the field survey data by reef classes obtained from the classification of Landsat ETM + satellite imagery
| Reef Habitat | N | S | R | TR | DC | DCA | SBT | LC | ALG | SG | BH |
| 1 | 22 | 65.95 | 8.63 | 9.55 | 0.68 | 7.71 | 26.57 | 0.75 | 1.77 | 4.96 | 6.73 |
| 2 | 4 | 37.88 | 16.69 | 28.50 | 0.00 | 7.50 | 52.69 | 1.50 | 5.81 | 2.13 | 7.94 |
| 3 | 7 | 43.89 | 4.43 | 1.43 | 0.00 | 34.29 | 40.14 | 8.86 | 4.57 | 2.54 | 7.11 |
| 4 | 5 | 18.44 | 10.21 | 16.06 | 2.00 | 28.66 | 56.93 | 12.89 | 9.36 | 2.39 | 11.74 |
| 5 | 13 | 24.11 | 13.81 | 6.54 | 0.81 | 29.36 | 50.52 | 7.01 | 8.46 | 9.91 | 18.37 |
| 6 | 15 | 49.18 | 8.34 | 5.33 | 0.76 | 11.48 | 25.91 | 2.74 | 4.24 | 17.93 | 22.17 |
Reef Habitat: habitat classification; N: number of stations; S: average percentage cover of bare sand; R: average percentage cover of bare rubble; TR: average percentage cover of terrestrial rock; DC: average percentage cover of dead coral; DCA: average percentage cover of dead coral with algae; SBT (Substrate): average percentage cover of R+TR+DC+DCA; LC: average percentage cover of live coral; ALG: average percentage cover of algae; SG: average percentage cover of sea grass; BH (Bio Habitat): average percentage cover of sea grass + algae.
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