GIS based Management Information System for Annapurna conservation area, Nepal Operational Concept of ACAMIS The main objective of ACAMIS is to help formulate sound management options (programs and activities) for Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA). It will be operationalized in five major steps, i.e., (a) database creation based on existing information (b) data gap analysis based on ACAMIS plan (c) data collection based on data gap analysis and database updating, (d) information extraction (for conservation and development strategy formulation and management options formulation), and (e) database updating based on field implementation, monitoring and evaluation. 
Fig. 1: Conceptual flow chart of developing/implementing ACAMIS Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) will be followed to (a) maintain efficient database by segregating the data on smaller tables, and (b) expand the ease of querying with socio-economic and biophysical variables. MS-Access database software is planned to use to create and store all attribute data, which will be linked to spatial database in ArcView GIS through Open Database Connectivity (ODBC). Satellite image interpretation and digitization of analog maps available from various sources will be done to extract bio-physical and natural resource distribution data. Socio-economic and attribute data for ACAMIS will be collected basically from KMTNC/ACAP official records, Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and secondary sources. Conventional researches and Participatory Action Research (PAR) will supplement both spatial and attribute database. Altogether ACAMIS plan proposes 72 data tables, grouped into following 10 components, be included in it: Background information, Natural resources (floral and faunal resources), Tourism management, Alternative energy resources, Communal development infrastructures, Cultural/historical heritage, Agriculture and animal husbandry, Social/development institutions, Enterprises, and Past conservation and development interventions. Outcome and Implementation Design of ACAMIS is based on the objectives, programme components and activities of ACAP. The ACAMIS will result in an extension module to the ArcView GIS and a comprehensive relational database in MS-Access. The ACAMIS will be flexible enough to accommodate changes in the requirement of conservation targets and development needs of local people based on first hand field experiences. To meet the requirement of variation in target group, according to the nature of intervention, the ACAMIS will be capable of analyzing and retrieving results for both settlement (point theme) and ward/VDC level (polygon theme). The database, importantly the attribute data, will be updated annually so that up-to-date database is available for formulating annual management programmes and assess changes over time.
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