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The study of the relationship between robat groundwater and its swrrounded Formations
Siamak Baharvand
scientific membership, Open University of khorramabad, Iran
E mail:- siamak_baharvand@yahoo.com
Taher farhadi nejad
scientific membership of Open University of khorramabad and
Agricultural and resource research center of Lorestan province, Iran
E mail:- farhadinejad@yahoo.com
The studied area is called robat that is located in the countryside In the north of khoramabad , the city. Whereas it is very close to the city and Water about 1.5liter in a second , it can be considered as a good supply for Khoramabad s drinking water. Therefore, the quality of the robat s water and The possible effects of the formation which have surrounded it and also its Continuity of watering play leading roles. accordingly , the following attempts Are made:
I.gathering information.
A.gathering landsat image data.
B.preparing earlier geological maps.
II. doing investigation field
A. finding its tectonic
(1)distinguishing the possible faults and it s joints
B. gathering new samples
III. examining in lab and analyzing new data
IV. finding the relation between the robat s carstic waters.
V. recognizing the influence of the faults on robats hydrolic.
Results:
I. finding the genus and the influence of Gachsaran Formation on karstic waters Sarvak&Asmary
II. finding the influence of salt waters produced by Gachsaran Formation on the alluvial waters.
Introduction
Being located in zagros Mountains , lorestan province enjoys a good regimen of percipitation, in spite of the fact that is enongh rain, there still eyist watr shortage in the natural balance cycle.In creasing population growgth in the cities and the need for the drinking water have made disturbance in the water and soil balance . Regarding the water pumping process in khoramabad city (1500 lit in a second ) and the high expense for this, it is necessary to Create the long lasting water Supply and decrease the expense of water transmission,this is surely done by Construction filitering , to supply the drinking water for the city by using transmitting method would solve most of the problems mentioned.
In this Study , it is tried to measure the Q of the Serab Robat ,And the result of the Complete chemical analysis, and also the effects of Sarvak and Gachsaran Formation on this Sarab .It was suggested ,if possible , to transmit this water to
khoramabad City for drinking purposes.
The geological and geographical Situation of the area
The area under Study with Coordinates , (x:250085,y:3726025)lies in the South east of Iran in lorestan in North khoramabad.(Topological and geological map of the area).The most ancient rocks in the area belonges to below to middle Cretaceous limestones and it lies in folded zagros.
The Whole rocks in this area are Sedimentary.
Asmeary shahbazan limes (a unit that have a Carbonate and nomolite , is Jointed and karstic and are Confined between the two unpenetraton Formations, kashkan and marls of the Fars group, with the age of Eocene - Miocene.) in this area with the Amiran Conglomerates, Contact because of the activation the Anticline in this area(Fig -1).
Fig-1
Fig-2
The existence of the Sediments that have gypsum around the Sarab Bardin village and With pay attention to the charac- teristics of Sediment units and their position of settlement on the Asmary Formation, relates to the Sediment Units of fars.(Aghajary-Mishan-Gachsaran).
There aren' t any Similarity between the Sediment Units and Gachsaran Formation and there is much Similarity between this and Razak Formation . As a result of , this area is Considered as (.a gradual Razak - Gachsaran Zoon .(middle Miocene to upper)
The tectonic of the region
ShojaAbad - GandAbeh Anticline Stretches from the north of Robat Namaki Village to Robat Namaki 2.
Robat 1 DolatAbad Syncline
It lies as a Sub Syncline in the body of main Syncline and it was made in Fars Formation . It has the northeast and South- west direction.
Faulting
In the upper part of Robat village , there is a Reverse Fault with north-east, South - west direction , that Causes thrusting the limes of the Sarvak Formation on the Amiran Shale and Marls of the fars group.(Fig -3)
Fig-3
It Should be noticed that appearance of Sarab Robat Springs have a Close relationship with this Fault.
Joints Study
In order to Study the exact Structural geological and Functions of the Com- perssion Forces applied , the joints were in vestigated fully and the results are as follows:
This Spring Unloads the dynamic Storage of Underground Waters of karsti limes of Sarvak Cretaceous Aqufer. Focus of Spring with the altitude of 1390 m above the Sea level is Situated beside the Faults with Nw - NE direction . It Causes to Separates Sarvak limic Formation From Amiran Formation(fig-3).
The most range of Spring Water outing measured belongs to March 1992 and it equals 5259 lit/sec and the least range belongs to October 1999 equals 199 lit/sec . The average water flow during 19 years equals 1260 lit/sec and the output of this 19 years equals 39/222milion Cubic meters per year. It is Considered as perpetual Spring because of its outlet water . Based on the Studies done in a 19- years period with estimation of the best Slope processed is shown in fig (5)The highest water flow Occurred in March 1992 except three Cases which was - because of the Climatic Situation . Also, there is a close relation. Ship between the spring water flow and the rate of rain fall and this shows that the intensity of karstification in Sarvak limes was perfectly Completed . This Spring gives More than 39 milion Cubic meter water each year and karstic aquifer Sarvak limes in NE in Robat Village.The procedure of estimation of volume of Storage dynamic of the lime aquifers The base for the quantity estimate of dynamic storage is the Complete for of the 1905; equation (that is Maillet )or the receed equation which as Follows:
This equation is a Symbolic function. Qt equals the Spring water flow in t(time)based on m3/sec.
Q. equals the Spring water flow in t.(time) based on m3/sec.
t..equals the end point of Feeding and the Start point of outlet of the aquifer (the start of day period)by the day. T equals the end point of micro regimn of outlet and the Start of feeding of a quifer in the new Period (The end of dry period)by the day. Equals Correlation pattern of aquifer out put. E equals the natural base logarithm . Correlation Shows the Capacity of aquifer for flowing water. In the Situation which karstic System works well, three Straight lines and three Corre - lation For out put 1, 2. 3Can be obtained in other wise Form receed curves would get Simpler or more Complicate. For the estimation of out put Correlation we use the following equation:
The Volume of dynamic Storage of aquifer (V) Can be estimated from the following equation.
The most important application of volume dynamic Storage estimation is to Compare it with the Volume of water Flow out put. When the Volume of dynamic Storage is more than the yearly output water flow , it necessary , Certainly and without any doubt we Can dig lime wells with the exact - investigation of the area. The Volume of dynamic Storage of karstic aquifer is possible by measured with estimation of Volume of Underground out put Water flow through Springs(Table-2). as a bellow table:
Table-1
The estimation of the average Correlation of water out put and the prediction of the time Continuation:
The Volume of dynamic Storage of karstic aquifer is determined based on the estimation of water out put Correlation , related to the half line drawn in the recede precede period of Springs .
Table-2
The range of the water output changes of the Sarab Robat .
The Simplest range of this Changes is used to Show the distribution of data. For doing this , it is sufficient to have the difference between the highest and the lowest amount of Water output absolved in a numbered period based on Following
equation:
R=Qmax-Qmin
Qmax=the maximum of the water output .
Qmin =the minimum of the water output
R=the range of the water output Changes.
When R is higher , it shows much effect of karstification process in lime Aquifer in the area under Study.
Table- 3
Table-4
Histogram-1
Table-3
Table-4
Histogram-1
The Final investigation of underground water in lime aquifers and alluvial aquifers
A Electrical Conductv
According to the data obtained From this Sarab , Close Curves from 700 to 1000m were made and the Values (amounts) (EC) indicate the optimum lime origin and has no limitation either for drinking or for agri Culture.
B. Coloride Ion
The lowest amount of Colorid Ion is 10 Milligram per litter and the highest amount of it is 80 milligram per litter . In Terms of drinking and agriculture Standards , it has no limitation.
C. Dry residual T.D.S
Direct changes is Similar to changes of the electric Conduct of the Coloride Ion , So in Some areas the amount is 252 Mg/lit, and in other areas the amount is 507 Mg/lit .as a result , Classificates in the Fresh water group .
D. PH investigation
The range of PH Variate from 6.25 to 7.41 , it is Classified in weak acid to weak al kali and can be used for drinking and agriculture processes.
Table-5
Table-6
F.NA existence
Since the amount of Na is more than 20% It is placed as the most useful water G(T.H)
It can be Classified as heavy water.
Conclusion
Regarding to exist of faulting in region and has a effect of this in thrusting of formations and finally Creation of Sarab Robat Spring and also with regarding to exist of different formations of the region , Suchas Fars group, We Can have the Salt Water in the region.of Course Salinity of the water is not the Same in all parts of the region and in the Surface parts , we have Fresh water and in the under part we have salt water . with pay 15attention to specific methods that exist , we Can use to Salt water in this region for Supply and provide the Salt . So With regarding to Faulting in the region , we have Salt water and Fresh water together . which we Can Suggest in the way of Consume of the drinking water From the Specific depths.
Siamak Baharvand
scientific membership, Open University of khorramabad, Iran
E mail:- siamak_baharvand@yahoo.com
Taher farhadi nejad
scientific membership of Open University of khorramabad and
Agricultural and resource research center of Lorestan province, Iran
E mail:- farhadinejad@yahoo.com
The studied area is called robat that is located in the countryside In the north of khoramabad , the city. Whereas it is very close to the city and Water about 1.5liter in a second , it can be considered as a good supply for Khoramabad s drinking water. Therefore, the quality of the robat s water and The possible effects of the formation which have surrounded it and also its Continuity of watering play leading roles. accordingly , the following attempts Are made:
I.gathering information.
A.gathering landsat image data.
B.preparing earlier geological maps.
II. doing investigation field
A. finding its tectonic
(1)distinguishing the possible faults and it s joints
B. gathering new samples
III. examining in lab and analyzing new data
IV. finding the relation between the robat s carstic waters.
V. recognizing the influence of the faults on robats hydrolic.
Results:
I. finding the genus and the influence of Gachsaran Formation on karstic waters Sarvak&Asmary
II. finding the influence of salt waters produced by Gachsaran Formation on the alluvial waters.
Introduction
Being located in zagros Mountains , lorestan province enjoys a good regimen of percipitation, in spite of the fact that is enongh rain, there still eyist watr shortage in the natural balance cycle.In creasing population growgth in the cities and the need for the drinking water have made disturbance in the water and soil balance . Regarding the water pumping process in khoramabad city (1500 lit in a second ) and the high expense for this, it is necessary to Create the long lasting water Supply and decrease the expense of water transmission,this is surely done by Construction filitering , to supply the drinking water for the city by using transmitting method would solve most of the problems mentioned.
In this Study , it is tried to measure the Q of the Serab Robat ,And the result of the Complete chemical analysis, and also the effects of Sarvak and Gachsaran Formation on this Sarab .It was suggested ,if possible , to transmit this water to
khoramabad City for drinking purposes.
The geological and geographical Situation of the area
The area under Study with Coordinates , (x:250085,y:3726025)lies in the South east of Iran in lorestan in North khoramabad.(Topological and geological map of the area).The most ancient rocks in the area belonges to below to middle Cretaceous limestones and it lies in folded zagros.
The Whole rocks in this area are Sedimentary.
Asmeary shahbazan limes (a unit that have a Carbonate and nomolite , is Jointed and karstic and are Confined between the two unpenetraton Formations, kashkan and marls of the Fars group, with the age of Eocene - Miocene.) in this area with the Amiran Conglomerates, Contact because of the activation the Anticline in this area(Fig -1).
Fig-1
Fig-2
The existence of the Sediments that have gypsum around the Sarab Bardin village and With pay attention to the charac- teristics of Sediment units and their position of settlement on the Asmary Formation, relates to the Sediment Units of fars.(Aghajary-Mishan-Gachsaran).
There aren' t any Similarity between the Sediment Units and Gachsaran Formation and there is much Similarity between this and Razak Formation . As a result of , this area is Considered as (.a gradual Razak - Gachsaran Zoon .(middle Miocene to upper)
The tectonic of the region
ShojaAbad - GandAbeh Anticline Stretches from the north of Robat Namaki Village to Robat Namaki 2.
Robat 1 DolatAbad Syncline
It lies as a Sub Syncline in the body of main Syncline and it was made in Fars Formation . It has the northeast and South- west direction.
Faulting
In the upper part of Robat village , there is a Reverse Fault with north-east, South - west direction , that Causes thrusting the limes of the Sarvak Formation on the Amiran Shale and Marls of the fars group.(Fig -3)
Fig-3
It Should be noticed that appearance of Sarab Robat Springs have a Close relationship with this Fault.
Joints Study
In order to Study the exact Structural geological and Functions of the Com- perssion Forces applied , the joints were in vestigated fully and the results are as follows:
This Spring Unloads the dynamic Storage of Underground Waters of karsti limes of Sarvak Cretaceous Aqufer. Focus of Spring with the altitude of 1390 m above the Sea level is Situated beside the Faults with Nw - NE direction . It Causes to Separates Sarvak limic Formation From Amiran Formation(fig-3).
The most range of Spring Water outing measured belongs to March 1992 and it equals 5259 lit/sec and the least range belongs to October 1999 equals 199 lit/sec . The average water flow during 19 years equals 1260 lit/sec and the output of this 19 years equals 39/222milion Cubic meters per year. It is Considered as perpetual Spring because of its outlet water . Based on the Studies done in a 19- years period with estimation of the best Slope processed is shown in fig (5)The highest water flow Occurred in March 1992 except three Cases which was - because of the Climatic Situation . Also, there is a close relation. Ship between the spring water flow and the rate of rain fall and this shows that the intensity of karstification in Sarvak limes was perfectly Completed . This Spring gives More than 39 milion Cubic meter water each year and karstic aquifer Sarvak limes in NE in Robat Village.The procedure of estimation of volume of Storage dynamic of the lime aquifers The base for the quantity estimate of dynamic storage is the Complete for of the 1905; equation (that is Maillet )or the receed equation which as Follows:
This equation is a Symbolic function. Qt equals the Spring water flow in t(time)based on m3/sec.
Q. equals the Spring water flow in t.(time) based on m3/sec.
t..equals the end point of Feeding and the Start point of outlet of the aquifer (the start of day period)by the day. T equals the end point of micro regimn of outlet and the Start of feeding of a quifer in the new Period (The end of dry period)by the day. Equals Correlation pattern of aquifer out put. E equals the natural base logarithm . Correlation Shows the Capacity of aquifer for flowing water. In the Situation which karstic System works well, three Straight lines and three Corre - lation For out put 1, 2. 3Can be obtained in other wise Form receed curves would get Simpler or more Complicate. For the estimation of out put Correlation we use the following equation:
The Volume of dynamic Storage of aquifer (V) Can be estimated from the following equation.
The most important application of volume dynamic Storage estimation is to Compare it with the Volume of water Flow out put. When the Volume of dynamic Storage is more than the yearly output water flow , it necessary , Certainly and without any doubt we Can dig lime wells with the exact - investigation of the area. The Volume of dynamic Storage of karstic aquifer is possible by measured with estimation of Volume of Underground out put Water flow through Springs(Table-2). as a bellow table:
The estimation of the average Correlation of water out put and the prediction of the time Continuation:
The Volume of dynamic Storage of karstic aquifer is determined based on the estimation of water out put Correlation , related to the half line drawn in the recede precede period of Springs .
The range of the water output changes of the Sarab Robat .
The Simplest range of this Changes is used to Show the distribution of data. For doing this , it is sufficient to have the difference between the highest and the lowest amount of Water output absolved in a numbered period based on Following
equation:
R=Qmax-Qmin
Qmax=the maximum of the water output .
Qmin =the minimum of the water output
R=the range of the water output Changes.
When R is higher , it shows much effect of karstification process in lime Aquifer in the area under Study.
Table- 3
Table-4
Histogram-1
Histogram-1
The Final investigation of underground water in lime aquifers and alluvial aquifers
A Electrical Conductv
According to the data obtained From this Sarab , Close Curves from 700 to 1000m were made and the Values (amounts) (EC) indicate the optimum lime origin and has no limitation either for drinking or for agri Culture.
B. Coloride Ion
The lowest amount of Colorid Ion is 10 Milligram per litter and the highest amount of it is 80 milligram per litter . In Terms of drinking and agriculture Standards , it has no limitation.
C. Dry residual T.D.S
Direct changes is Similar to changes of the electric Conduct of the Coloride Ion , So in Some areas the amount is 252 Mg/lit, and in other areas the amount is 507 Mg/lit .as a result , Classificates in the Fresh water group .
D. PH investigation
The range of PH Variate from 6.25 to 7.41 , it is Classified in weak acid to weak al kali and can be used for drinking and agriculture processes.
F.NA existence
Since the amount of Na is more than 20% It is placed as the most useful water G(T.H)
It can be Classified as heavy water.
Conclusion
Regarding to exist of faulting in region and has a effect of this in thrusting of formations and finally Creation of Sarab Robat Spring and also with regarding to exist of different formations of the region , Suchas Fars group, We Can have the Salt Water in the region.of Course Salinity of the water is not the Same in all parts of the region and in the Surface parts , we have Fresh water and in the under part we have salt water . with pay 15attention to specific methods that exist , we Can use to Salt water in this region for Supply and provide the Salt . So With regarding to Faulting in the region , we have Salt water and Fresh water together . which we Can Suggest in the way of Consume of the drinking water From the Specific depths.