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Integration of Thematic Maps Through GIS for Identification of Groundwater Potential zones

Amaresh Kr. Singh & S. Ravi Prakash
Remote Sensing Applications Centre,
U.P., Sector -G, Jankipuram, Lucknow
Email: rsacup@sancharnet.in
amaresh_amu@rediffmail.com



Abstrat
The remote sensing and geo-electrical data combined with Geographical Information System (GIS) technique has proved to be very efficient in assessing the groundwater potential of any area. In the present paper, IRS 1C, LISS III data, geo-electrical data and litho-log data have been used to identify the groundwater potential zones by integrating various thematic maps generated on 1: 50,000 scale. These maps are integrated after assigning weight factors to the identified features in each thematic map depending upon their infiltration characteristics and the groundwater potential zones in Nagar block of Mirzapur district , Uttar Pradesh are demarcated. The area of investigation has been classified into eight categories of groundwater potentiality. The present results show that integration of all attributes provide more accurate results in identification of groundwater potential zones.

Introdution
The remote sensing & geoelectrical technologies and GIS tools have opened new paths in water resources studies. Temporal data from remote sensing enables identification of groundwater aquifers and assessment of their changes, subsurface information inferred from geo-electrical survey enables identification of vertical & horizontal aquifer system, whereas, geographical information system (GIS) enables integration of multi-thematic data. The concept of integrated remote sensing and GIS has proved to be an efficient tool in groundwater studies (Krishnamurthy et al., 1996; Saraf and Chaudhary, l998; Khan & Mohrana, 2002). Inclusion of subsurface information inferred from geoelectrical survey can give more realistic picture of groundwater potentiality of an area (Amaresh Kumar Singh et al, 2000). Keeping this in view, an attempt is made to identify groundwater potential using integrated approach of remote sensing, geoelectrical and GIS techniques in Nagar block of Mirzapur district, Uttar Pradesh.

Study Area
The study area, is nagar block of Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, India bounded by longitudes 82025’ to 820 41’30”E and latitudes 25000’ to 25014’N, (Fig. 1) covered in Survey of India toposheet no. 63K/12 & K/8. The total geographical area is 255.7 sq.km. The holy river Ganga forms the northern boundary of the study area. Delhi-Howrah rail rout and National Highway no. 7 passes through the area, which connect the area from other part of the country. Geologically, the northern part of study area covered by flood and alluvial plain (Ganga plain) and rest parts of the area comprises of upper Vindhyan formations consisting of sandstone, quartzite and shale (CGWB, 1985). Vindhyan formation is overlain by quaternary alluvium, which was deposited on the eroded basement. Physiographically, the area is mainly flat and gently undulating terrain except in few parts. Groundwater usually occurs in unconfined to confined condition at depth. The area is fed by southwest monsoon rainfall, which starts in last week of June and extends until the end of September. The average annual rainfall is about 1045 mm.


Data used
  • The three types of data sets have been used for the study:
  • Remotely sensed data, viz. IRS 1C LISS III, geocoded of scale 1:50,000.
  • The survey of India toposheet 63K/12 & K/8 of scale 1:50,000.
  • Field data, viz. depth to water level (pre & post monsoon) data, geo-electrical sounding data and drilling data.
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