Understanding groundwater resources in Margajo Watershed, Koderma, Jharkhand - GWIS and GIS approach

Dr. Ashok Kumar and Lal Bihari Prasad
Remote Sensing Application Centre
IGSC- Planetarium, Patna - 800 001, India
Tele # +91-612-689001 (R ), +91-612-235264 (O)
ashok_bcst@yahoo.com & birsac@sancharnet.in


Table 1.1: Master Data Structure
Data Entry No. of Characters Data Type Format No. of Decimal digit Unit
Well Ident. 10 Well      
Description 50 Character      
District 20 Character      
Village 20 Character      
Owner 20 Character      
X 10 Numerical(Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Y 10 Numerical(Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Z 10 Numerical(Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
ZM 10 Numerical(Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Map Sheet No. 10 Character      
Year 10 Character      
Geomorphology 20 Character      
Aquifer Type 20 Character      
Watershed 20 Character      
Block 20 Character      
Aquifer Material 20 Character      
Relative Geomorphology 20 Character      
Water table 10 Numerical(Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Depth of Basement 10 Numerical(Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Aquifer Resistivity 10 Numerical Fixed 2 Ohm-M
Date of Observation 10 Date dd.mm.yy    



Table 1.2: Chemical Data Structure
Data Entry No. of Characters Data Type Format No. of Decimal digit Unit
Well Ident. 10 Well      
Ca 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Mg 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Na 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
K 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Fe 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Mn 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Hco3 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
So4 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Cl 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
No3 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
No2 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Po4 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
F 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
B 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Sio2 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
TDS 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Hardness 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Alkalinity 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Conductivity 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
PH 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Ca 10 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Cations 8 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
Anions 8 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
SAR 8 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  
BalErr 8 Numerical(Und) Fixed 2  


In the present study, following themes have been taken into consideration in GRAM++: Village boundary and demographic characteristics, drainage, transportation network, land-use, hydro-geomorphology, surface water, topography, groundwater development feasibility etc. Based on the different spatial and non-spatial database, related SQL has been build to facilitate the non-specialist so that they can search the different priorities with different situation. Final data has been structured in Access format and it can be upgraded and linked to GIS database for the analysis. In the database, village has been selected as a unit (Fig. 1.1). All thematic layers such as land use (Fig. 1.2), hydro-geomorphic map (Fig, 1.3), drainage (Fig. 1.4), surface water, topography (Fig. 1.5), Depth of Basement Topographic Model (Fig. 1.6), groundwater feasibility are separately available within watershed. From the different thematic layers, village wise tabular information has been extracted and master database has been prepared and it has been linked to village database which also includes demographic details. The results indicate that 13.33 per cent area of the watershed under rabi crop (Table 1.1) and majority of crops are irrigated through the dugwells. Rabi crops are mostly in the outer peripheral of village. The surface water body layer gives the idea of its areal distribution. It has been observed that watershed is harvesting only 27.5 per cent of total available potential. The groundwater feasibility layer provides (Table 1.2 & 1.3) the information on the suitability of groundwater development at particular location within the watershed. The results based on hydro-geomorphic mapping (Table 1.4) indicate that groundwater 69 per cent of the watershed area is suitable for groundwater development through dug-well cum bore well. These village wise extracted natural resources database are linked with the other socio-economic parameters for deciding the development of surface and groundwater other than technical criteria.

Table 1.3: Pumping Test Data Structure
Data Entry No. of Characters Data Type Format No. of Decimal digit Unit
Well Ident. 10 Well      
Test Date 10 Date dd.mm.yy    
Distance 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Avg P Rate 15 Nummerical(Dim) Float 7 m3/day
Duration 15 Nummerical(Dim) Float 7 m3/day
Insat Th 15 Nummerical(Dim) Float 2 M
Transmissivity 15 Nummerical(Dim) Float 7 M2/day
Storage 15 Nummerical(Dim) Float 7  
Leakance 15 Nummerical(Dim) Float 7 1/day
ConfAqthickness 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 M
B 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 m
L 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 M
D 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 M
L1 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 M
B 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 M
D1 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 M
Standard Error 10 Nummerical(Dim) Fixed 2 M
Mrthod 25 Character      


Table 1.4: Hydrographs Data Structure
Data Entry No. of Characters Data Type Format No. of Decimal digit Unit
Well Ident. 10 Well      
Aquifer 30 Character      




Table 1.5: Well Log and Lithology Data Structure
Data Entry No. of Characters Data Type Format No. of Decimal digit Unit
Well Ident. 10 Well      
Drill. Dates 25 Character      
SWL 10 Numerical (Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
DWL 10 Numerical (Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Drill. Method 30 Character      
ConcrBlockDx 10 Numerical (Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
ConcrBlockDy 10 Numerical (Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
ConcrBlock H 10 Numerical (Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Above GS 10 Numerical (Dim) Fixed 2 Meter
Vert.Scale 10 Numerical (und) Fixed 1  
Hor.Scale 10 Numerical (und) Fixed 1  

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