|
GIS and GWW is tool for creating Ground Water Information System (GWIS) - a case study of upper Barakar basin, Bihar
Ashok Kumar, L. B. Prasad, B. B. Prasad, Nisha Mendiratta* Remote Sensing Application Centre, IGSC-Planetarium, Patna-800001, India *Deptt of Science & Technology, Govt. of India, Technology Bhawan New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi- 110016, India
Abstract
Occurrence of groundwater is a limited and scarce resource in the Chotanagpur Plateau of Bihar. It is becoming a precious natural resource due to increasing population, agriculture, and industrial growth in the region. For quick overview of the problem and its remedial measures, there is a need to establish ground water information system where data from various sources can be stored and analysed in time and space. To develop Ground Water Information System (GWIS) of the Upper Barakar Basin, Bihar, GRAM++ GIS and GWW package have been used. GRAM++ helps in analysing various spatial and non-spatial data relared to groundwater whereas GWW stores data, creates hydrographs, well logs, various chemical diagrams, cross section, fence diagrams, contour maps etc.. At present 450 observation sites have been included in GWIS of Upper Barakar Basin and it includes information about the water table fluctuation, geology, geomorphology, aquifer characteristics, electrical litho-log, topography, location and administrative details, depth of basement, aquifer hydro-geophysical parameters, panel and cross section of the aquifer etc. In the present paper, approach adopted for establishing GWIS of the Upper Barakar Basin in GWW and its analysis has been discussed. The information system in GWW has made simple to understand and analyse the groundwater of the Upper Barakar Basin. Creation of GWIS in other parts of hard rock area may be attempted for planning and management of groundwater resources. Introduction In hard rock area of Bihar, groundwater is precious natural resources and it is limited. Growth in population, agriculture and industry further force us for advance planning and management for its sustainable utilisation. Occurrence of groundwater in hard rock area is erratic and its analysis needs information on various parameters such as geology, geomorphology, recharge, aquifer geometry, porosity, specific yield, storage, yield etc. besides its variation in time and space. This needs huge database on groundwater otherwise it will not be possible to look into area specific problem. Prior to making recommendations with suggested groundwater utilisation for the future, there is a need to create a modern, integrated, and comprehensive Ground Water Information System (GWIS). The planning process needs detailed input on various parameters, its integration and analysis. On parts of scientific study, establishment of information system in retrievable format will be the first steps towards planning and management of groundwater of the area. In situation like drought and water crisis, GIWS may used for assessing the magnitude of crisis and immediate remedial measures to be adopted. The information system can be created using GIS. GIS in groundwater can be used for spatial and no-spatial data management, analysis, visualization, contouring, attribute tables, statistical analysis integration. But most of GIS software particularly GRAM++ does not support the geohydrological parameters processing, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data in standard geohydrological format. Besides GIS another approach is to create a dedicated ground water database and incorporate various data processing routines and applications within a self-contained ground water information system (GWIS). This approach is best demonstrated with the United Nations Ground Water for Windows (GWW) package ( Karanjack et. al., 1997). GWW is a relational ground water database, a suite of data processing, analysis, interpretation and presentation applications, and an information system. In the present study integrated approach has been used for creation of GWIS of Upper Barakar basin. GWIS has been created from database generated by Kumar et al (1999) and data available from other sources i.e. CGWB ( Bhattacharya, 1990). Study Area The Upper Barakar Basin is a part of Chotanagpur plateau of Bihar. It is located between latitude 240 0'-240 6' 5" and longitude 85016'15"-85022'30. The entire study area has areal extent of 620sq. km. Basin falls under the administrative jurisdiction of Hazaribagh, Chatra and Koderma districts of Bihar. Geomorphologically, upper reaches is parts of scrap zone between Upper and lower Hazaribagh plateau and further north of scarp zone is undulating pediplain. The topographic height varies from 600 m in the southern side to 370m m.s.l. in extreme north. Kewta and Anjanwa are the main rivers which flow in east-west direction. The drainage patterns are dendritic to sub dendritic and channels represent aggradational fluvial character. Geologically it is a part of Chotanagpur granite gneiss complex. Dominant rock types are granite gneiss and meta-sedimentary of precambrian age.
Methodology Ground Water Information System (GWIS) of Upper Barakar Basin, Hazaribagh has created with help of two independent package namely GRAM++ (DST/IIT-B, 1999) and GWW (Karanjac et al, 1997). GRAM++ window based GIS package has been used for analysis of spatial and non-spatial details such as village boundaries, communication, land-use, socio-economic data etc. and related quires. The GWW has been used for analysis of geohydrological parameters such as Master Data, Chemistry, Pumping Test, Hydrographs, Mapping, Well Log, Cross Section, Fence Diagrams, Step Drawdown Test, Grain Size Curve, Abstraction etc. The following themes have been taken into consideration GWIS in GRAM++: Village boundary and demographic characteristics, drainage, transportation network, land-use, hydrogeomorphology, surface water, topography, groundwater development feasibility etc. The following parameters have been taken into consideration for establishment of GWIS in GWW.
The data structure files for inputting the raw data has been given Table -1.1 to 1.5 The following are the data retrievals and presentations using the database and information system created with the GWW software
Page 1 of 2
| Next | |